Figure 1. Temporal consequences of Human Induced Rapid Environmental Changes (HIREC) on the reactive-proactive continuum. Animals are from 0. an initial pristine population exposed to HIRECs with effects on 1. dispersal, 2. phenotypic plasticity, 3. genetic evolution related to HIRECs that produce 3.1. a human predator shield such as 3.1.1. Tourism, 3.1.2. Urbanization and 3.1.3. Domestication or 3.2. that do not produce a human shield (e.g., Climate Change, Pollution or Harvesting). The black arrow represents animals from the initial population directly caught to be domesticated and the dashed purple arrow highlights the fact that some proactive individuals could invade urban areas. The shape of the border of each circle directly correlates to the intensity of human-shield, from no contact (light dashed circle), to high contact (full circle).