Figure 2 . Schematic view of AC electroosmotic (ACEO) micropumps
to induce fluid flow in microchannel by (A ) a planar array of
electrodes with different edge sizes s (Brown et al., 2000; V Studer et
al., 2002) and (B ) a nonplanar configuration of 3D stepped
electrodes (Urbanski et al., 2006).