Figure 3. The schematics of induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) micromixers, (A) numerical and experimental results for rapid mixing state from zero to 100% under AC electric field applied on the sidewalls, (B) symmetry pair of triangle conducting hurdles on microchannel walls for inducing micromixing (Z. Wu & Li, 2008a), (C) fully conducting particles in the micro-chamber for inducing micromixing (Daghighi & Li, 2013).