Statistical Analyses
In fall 2018 (the 2018/19 generation) a large wind event seemed to knock down most goldenrod stems, and correspondingly most galls. The goal of my analyses were to (i) confirm that event as having an extreme effect on environmental conditions, (ii) explore corresponding patterns of mortality, demography, and enemy attack, including mean changes and differences among populations, and (iii) test for corresponding differences in natural selection and evolutionary change.