Statistical Analyses
In fall 2018 (the 2018/19 generation) a large wind event seemed to knock
down most goldenrod stems, and correspondingly most galls. The goal of
my analyses were to (i) confirm that event as having an extreme effect
on environmental conditions, (ii) explore corresponding patterns of
mortality, demography, and enemy attack, including mean changes and
differences among populations, and (iii) test for corresponding
differences in natural selection and evolutionary change.