Figure 1: Patterns of environmental and demographic variability. (A) The extreme wind event of 2018/19 knocked down 96% of all stems, compared to only 50% in the next closest year. More importantly, the wind event homogenized among-patch differences in the proportion of stems and galls knocked to the ground. (B) As expected, survival increased when most galls were knocked down (and therefore free of bird predation). However, counterintuitively among-population variation in survival was greatest in the 2018/19 generation. Points in (A) each represent one year by population combination, and letters show differences in variances not means calculated using pairwise comparisons of Levene’s tests.