Fig. 5 Impacts of climate warming on energy budgets of mothers.(a) Energy budget of oviparous mothers in 1980-2000; (b) change in energy budget of oviparous mothers (2080-2100 minus 1980-2000); (c) energy budget of viviparous mothers in 1980-2000; (d) change in energy budget of viviparous mothers (2080-2100 minus 1980-2000); (e) energy budget of oviparous mothers decreases as the number of clutches increases; (f) changes in energy budget of viviparous mothers reflect changes in cost of prolonged gestation. Colors in e-f indicate the mean air temperature in 1980-2000. [Note: overlapped points in (e) and (f) are averaged.]