All CSOM (n=22) CSOM (n=22) CSOM (n=22) CSOM (n=22) CSOM (n=22) CSOM (n=22) TM perf (n=9) TM perf (n=9) TM perf (n=9) TM perf (n=9) TM perf (n=9) TM perf (n=9) OE (n=21) OE (n=21) OE (n=21) OE (n=21) OE (n=21) OE (n=21) AOM (n=4) AOM (n=4) AOM (n=4) AOM (n=4) AOM (n=4) AOM (n=4) Normal (n=56) Normal (n=56) Normal (n=56) Normal (n=56) Normal (n=56) Normal (n=56)
present present Sens Spec PPV NPV
LR
present Sens Spec PPV NPV LR present Sens Spec PPV NPV LR present Sens Spec PPV NPV LR present Sens Spec PPV NPV LR
Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138) Prediction model diagnosis, based upon symptom history algorithm (n=138)
Otorrhoea Otorrhoea 44 21 0.95 0.80 0.48 0.99 1.19 5 0.56 0.70 0.11 0.96 0.80 11 0.52 0.72 0.25 0.89 0.73 3 0.75 0.69 0.07 0.99 1.08 1 0.02 0.48 0.02 0.41 0.04
+ thick 29 15 0.68 0.88 0.52 0.94 0.78 5 0.33 0.80 0.1 0.94 0.42 5 0.24 0.79 0.17 0.85 0.30 3 0.75 0.81 0.1 0.99 0.93 0 0 0.64 0 0.49 0
+ active 21 14 0.64 0.94 0.67 0.33 0.68 0 0 0.84 0 0.92 0 5 0.24 0.86 0.24 0.86 0.28 1 0.25 0.85 0.05 0.97 0.29 0 0 0.74 0 0.52 0
+ acute 7 0 0 0.94 0 0.83 0 0 0 0.95 0 0.93 0 5 0.24 0.98 0.71 0.88 0.24 2 0.5 0.96 0.29 0.98 0.52 0 0 0.91 0 0.99 0
+ chronic 35 21 0.95 0.88 0.6 0.99 1.08 5 0.56 0.77 0.14 0.96 0.72 5 0.24 0.74 0.14 0.84 0.32 1 0.25 0.75 0.03 0.97 0.34 1 0.02 0.59 0.03 0.99 0.03
Otalgia Otalgia 46 9 0.41 0.69 0.2 0.86 0.59 3 0.33 0.67 0.07 0.94 0.49 16 0.76 0.75 0.36 0.95 1.01 2 0.5 0.68 0.04 0.98 0.74 4 0.07 0.5 0.09 0.99 0.14
+ acute 29 3 0.14 0.78 0.2 0.83 0.18 3 0.33 0.80 0.1 0.94 0.42 11 0.53 0.85 0.38 0.91 0.62 1 0.25 0.79 0.03 0.97 0.32 2 0.04 0.67 0.07 0.99 0.05
+ chronic 16 6 0.27 0.91 0.39 0.87 0.30 0 0 0.87 0 0.93 0 5 0.24 0.91 0.31 0.87 0.26 1 0.25 0.88 0.06 0.98 0.28 2 0.04 0.55 0.13 0.99 0.04
Hearing loss Hearing loss 39 6 0.68 0.79 0.38 0.87 0.86 4 0.44 0.73 0.1 0.95 0.61 8 0.38 0.74 0.21 0.87 0.52 3 0.75 0.73 0.08 0.99 1.03 2 0.03 0.55 0.05 0.99 0.07
+ acute 9 0 0 0.92 0 0.83 0 1 0.11 0.94 0.11 0.94 0.12 4 0.19 0.96 0.44 0.87 0.20 1 0.25 0.94 0.11 0.98 0.27 0 0 0.89 0 0.99 0
+ chronic 30 15 0.68 0.87 0.5 0.83 0.78 3 0.33 0.79 0.1 0.94 0.42 4 0.19 0.78 0.13 0.84 0.24 2 0.5 0.79 0.07 0.98 0.63 2 0.04 0.66 0.07 0.99 0.05
Otorrhoea OR otalgia Otorrhoea OR otalgia
22
1
0.83
0.5
1
1.25
8
0.89
0.72
0.18
0.99
1.23
18
0.85
0.78
0.41
0.97
1.10
3
0.75
0.69
0.07
0.99
1.08
5
0.09
0.52
0.11
0.46
0.17
Otorrhoea OR hearing loss Otorrhoea OR hearing loss 21 0.95 0.80 0.48 0.99 1.19 7 0.78 0.71 0.16 0.98 1.09 15 0.71 0.75 0.34 0.94 0.95 4 1 0.70 0.09 1 1.43 3 0.05 0.5 0.07 0.44 0.11
Otalgia OR hearing loss Otalgia OR hearing loss
19
0.86
0.78
0.43
0.97
1.11
5
0.56
0.70
0.11
0.96
0.80
17
0.81
0.77
0.39
0.96
1.05
4
1
0.70
0.09
1
1.43
6
0.11
0.54
0.14
0.47
0.20
Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138) Non-expert on-site diagnosis using history and digital otoscopic image (n=138)
13 0.32 0.95 0.54 0.88 0.34 15 0.43 0.95 0.6 0.9 0.45 15 0.43 0.95 0.6 0.9 0.45 1 0 0.99 0 0.97 0 52 0.79 0.90 0.85 0.86 0.87
Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135) Remote expert diagnosis based upon symptom history algorithm and digital otoscopic image (n=135)
31 1 0.92 0.71 1 1.08 10 0.43 0.99 0.9 0.9 0.43 10 0.45 0.99 0.9 0.91 0.45 3 0.5 0.99 0.67 0.98 0.5 66 0.98 0.86 0.83 0.99 1.14