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\begin{document}

\title{Numerical diffusion and turbulent mixing in convective self-aggregation}



\author[1]{Lorenzo Silvestri}%
\author[2]{Miriam Saraceni}%
\author[2]{Paolina Bongioannini Cerlini}%
\affil[1]{Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia}%
\affil[2]{University of Perugia}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Spontaneous aggregation of deep convection is a common feature of
idealized numerical simulations of the tropical atmosphere in
Radiative-Convective Equilibrium (RCE). However, at coarse grid
resolution where deep convection is not fully resolved, the occurrence
of this phenomenon is extremely sensitive to subgrid-scale processes.
This study focuses on the role played by mixing and entrainment, either
provided by the turbulence model or the implicit numerical dissipation.
We have analyzed the results of two different models, WRF and SAM, and
compared different configurations by varying the turbulence models, the
initial conditions and the horizontal spatial resolution. At coarse grid
resolution (3 km), the removal of turbulent mixing prevents the
occurrence of Convective Self-Aggregation (CSA) in models with low
numerical diffusivity, while it is preserved in models with high
numerical diffusivity. When the horizontal grid resolution is refined to
1 km (thus reducing the implicit numerical dissipation), CSA is only
achieved by increasing the explicit turbulent mixing. In this case, CSA
was found to occur even with a small amount of shallow clouds.
Therefore, this study suggests that the sensitivity of CSA to horizontal
grid resolution is not primarily due to the corresponding decrease in
shallow clouds. Instead, it is found that turbulent mixing and
dissipation at small scales regulate the amplitude of initial humidity
perturbations introduced by convection in the free troposphere: the
greater the dissipation at small scales, the greater the size and the
strength of humidity perturbations in the free troposphere that can
destabilize the RCE state.%
\end{abstract}%



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