Table 2 should be here

3 RESULTS

3.1 Model test

The numerical modelled and measured hydraulic heads were shown in Fig. 2(a). On the whole, the assigned parameters were basically in line with the actual situation. The established numerical model could basically recreate the groundwater flow field at the site. The overall trend of modelled temperature was consistent with the measured values (Fig. 2b). The reason for the fluctuation of measured temperature might be that the monitoring well was not sealed, resulting in the measured values being greatly affected by the air temperature. All the input parameters of the model are shown in Table 3. Since the aquifer contains a large amount of gravel, the longitudinal dispersivity of the model was set to 1m. Biochemical parameters were set according to the empirical values that obtained by comparing multiple literatures.