In this respect, nematic-like defects in-between brain cells, as mentioned above, are probably a better choice for cognition and consciousness. A first hint that this might be the right attempt is, that nematic defects rely on cerebral fluid dynamics which in turn depend on the cardiac pulsation, a necessity for consciousness. They can potentially move in céilí dance fashion to perform topological braiding. What makes it particularly exciting is its dependence on turbulences \cite{Doostmohammadi_2018}. That means that the defects may braid in a time window when the cardiac pulse enters the tissue because then turbulences occur to facilitate the drastic change in flow velocity. Remarkably, this is the same time interval when long-range multiple quantum (but no short-range) coherence occurs in brain tissue. For most practical purposes, this coherence can be considered as quantum entanglement \cite{Streltsov_2015}. If we take the fact into account, that the essence of topological order is the existence of long-range (but without short-range) entanglement \cite{Chen_2010}, then we can conclude, that the topological order may coincide with céilí dancing defects. That means the cardiac pulse conducts topological braiding in the brain which explains why the cardiac pulse is so important for consciousness. Further experimental evidences underpin this proposal. First, the multiple quantum coherence declined in volunteers who have fallen asleep \cite{Kerskens_2017}. And second, complexity analysis of the multiple quantum coherence time series showed a relationship with short-term memory performances \cite{kerskens}.
This topological braiding by nematic defects is only indirectly connected to the neuronal network and therefore not directly accessible in full. It fulfils the expectations for qualia which we set above.
Discussion
We have derived, based on a physicalistic view, that the brain should be a non-classical computer strongly depending on cerebral pulsation. We have started with philological considerations about how we experience life. We have found that an introduction of an unknown computational network, which is disconnected from direct access via neurones, could explain why we experience mind dualistically. Results from quantum cognition have prompted us to quantum computing.
Then, we have proposed a network which is out of the reach for the human observer because it works in space and time scales which are not directly accessible through neurones and because it is based on topological quantum computing.