3- PCI protocol: : it is Used in connecting the elements of modern, high performance computer systems,
where it offers a number of significant advantages like speed, configurability. PCI is a synchronous bus with clock rate of 33 MHz and nowadays it is extended to support operation at 66 MHz and implements a 32-bit multiplexed Address and Data bus where it could support a 64-bit data bus through a longer connector slot. The PCI bus speed is independent of the CPU's speed and expansion of the bus colud be achieved by means of a bridge.
- Mobile domain: In this domain we are going to present MIPI protocol which stands for Mobile Industry Processor Interface. MIPI is the main interface for connecting IP blocks in mobile phone, A broad portfolio of interface specifications from the MIPI Alliance enables design engineers to efficiently interconnect essential components in a mobile device, from the modem and antenna to the peripherals and application processor. Most smartphones on the market today employ at least two MIPI specifications. Some products employ MIPI specifications for a full range of internal connections. MIPI specifications have enabled manufacturers to simplify the design process, reduce design costs, create economies of scale that lower price points, and shorten time-to-market for components, features, and services. Fundamentally, every MIPI specification addresses the industry’s needs for three key characteristics that are essential for any successful mobile design: low power consumption, high-performance operations, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI). MIPI currently has a pair of high-speed physical-layer (PHY) specifications, M-PHY and D-PHY, to support a full range of application requirements in mobile terminals. The MIPI Alliance makes its specifications available as individual interfaces, enabling companies to adopt those that meet their particular needs. As mobile connectivity increasingly finds its way into other industries—from the PC sector to consumer electronics and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, among others—external organizations are finding they can use MIPI’s specifications to support these applications as well. MIPI Alliance specifications serve six types of interface needs in a device: physical layer, multimedia, chip-to-chip/inter processor communications (IPC), device control and data management, system debugging, and software integration. MIPI Alliance offers its specifications as individual interfaces, enabling companies to use those that suit their own particular needs. Vendors can apply the interfaces with their own high-level features to provide added value or differentiate their products[4].