1.  SATA:  Stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, its main application is to connect the host with the hard disk driver (HDD) or the solid state disk (SSD), The SATA environment is a point-to-point connection scheme (half-duplex). SATA uses 8b/10b encoding for clock recovery and DC balance and can transmit and recieve up to 6 Gb/sec differnetial NRZ serial stream. SATA standards do not define switches or other hardware mechanisms that allow the architecture to go beyond a single device to host connection. To overcome this restriction, the SATA community has defined a hardware and software scheme that will allow more than one (or two for ATA emulation) device to be attached to a host system. This is accomplished through a mechanism known as a Port Multiplier [8].  
  1. STBus: is an on-chip bus protocol developed by STMicroelectronics, its main applications are set top boxes, ATM networks and digital still cameras. Three different types of the STBus protocol exist, each having a different level of complexity in terms of both performance and implementation. Type (I) is a simple synchronous handshake protocol with limited set of available command types, no pipelining is applied.
2. MIPI: Stands for Mobile Industry Processor Interface developed by MIPI Alliance. MIPI is the main interface for connecting IP blocks in mobile phone, A broad portfolio of interface specifications from the MIPI Alliance enables design engineers to efficiently interconnect essential components in a mobile device, from the modem and antenna to the peripherals and application processor. MIPI specifications have enabled manufacturers to simplify the design process, reduce design costs, create economies of scale that lower price points, and shorten time-to-market for components, features, and services. Fundamentally, every MIPI specification addresses the industry’s needs for three key characteristics that are essential for any successful mobile design: low power consumption, high-performance operations, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI). MIPI currently has a pair of high-speed physical-layer (PHY) specifications, M-PHY and D-PHY, to support a full range of application requirements in mobile terminals[4]. Application area for MIPI includes many domains, In this paper we focused on Chip-to-Chip Inter Process Communications which includes two main protocols LLI and DigRF.
In this section, We propose the main features of  SoC buses provided in the industry. Given that the number of electronic components is increasing exponentially, point-to-point communication is not possible. The main reasons is the large number of wires needed to connect all the components, non-availability of space and in case of a failure the fault detection will be extremely difficult.
As a result, serial buses as LIN, CAN , FLEXRAY for controlling and MOST for infotainment are discussed below.
 1. Controller Area Network (CAN) : CAN bus was originally proposed by Robert Bosch in the late 1980s. CAN is a multi-master bus with an open, linear structure with one logic bus line and equal nodes. Instead of point to point wiring, one serial bus is used to connect all the control systems as Safety systems like air bags and Anti-lock braking systems. For that purpose, It originally supports medium speed data rates up to 125 kbps and high speed data rates up to 1Mbps. A main feature to mention is that CAN communicates asynchronously with an event driven protocol interface along with error handling using CRC where all frame types (data, remote, error and overload frame) are transmitted in broadcast. The CAN protocol handles bus accesses according to the concept called “Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Arbitration on Message Priority”. Any node has the right to request transmission rights at any time. The necessary bus arbitration method to avoid transmission conflicts is the same: Frame with the highest assigned identifier get buss access without delay. 
2.  Local Interconnect Network (LIN): LIN is an asynchronous serial broadcast bus where all messages are initiated by the one single master with at most one slave replying to a given message identifier.
LIN is a low speed, single wire communication bus with data rates up to 20 Kbps which is suitable for modules where response time is not a critical issue as mirror controls and window controls.
 The LIN bus is a polled bus with a single master device and one or more slave devices. The master device contains both a master task and a slave task. Each slave device contains only a slave task. Communication over the LIN bus is controlled entirely by the master task in the master device. The basic unit of transfer on the LIN bus is the frame, which is divided into a  header and a response. The header is always transmitted by the master node and consists of three distinct fields: the break, synchronization (sync), and identifier (ID). The response, which is transmitted by a slave task and can reside in either the  master node or a slave node, consists of a data payload and a checksum. 
3.  FlexRay : FlexRay networking standard for motor vehicles serves as the next step beyond CAN and LIN, enabling the reliable management of many more safety and comfort features. FlexRay suits X-by-Wire applications (i.e. Brake by Wire).
With a maximum data rate of 10 Mbps available on two channels, giving a gross data rate of up to 20Mbit/sec, FlexRay potentially offers 20 times higher net bandwidth than CAN when used in the same application.
Moreover, FlexRay allows both synchronous (real-time) using a static segment and asynchronous data transfer using a dynamic segments to meet the demand for various systems in vehicles.
FlexRay uses two methods for granting bus access to nodes  TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and FTDMA (Flexible Time Division Multiple access).
   The TDMA method uses time slots. Each FlexRay node has one or more slots assigned in which it is granted access to the bus .The communication schedule is repeated periodically by all nodes.
   The FTDMA is almost the same but with flexible smaller time slots (Minislots).
   Each slot of a static or dynamic segment contains a FlexRay Frame. The frame is divided into three segments: Header, Payload, and Trailer.