Our growing understanding of the insidious and deleterious impacts of micro-sized (1 µm–1 mm) and nano-sized (<1 µm) plastic particles has further emphasised the environmental threat marine plastics pose. Microplastics are derived either from small particles developed for specific applications, or produced through the breakdown of larger items
4. Micro-sized and nano-sized plastic particles are increasingly being consumed by marine life that confuse them with food sources
1. These particles specifically, and plastic pollution in general, are being found in marine life in isolated areas indicating the pervasive nature of such pollution.
Issues for contemporary ocean governance
Marine pollution has long been recognised as a threat and a catalyst for ongoing developments in ocean governance. One major means to address and combat these threats has been through the work of international bodies such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The IMO, responsible for the administration of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973/78 (MARPOL), the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 and its 1996 Protocol (London Convention/Protocol), have also recognised the problem of plastic pollution and marine litter.