PARTICIPANTS

Participants were recruited using flyers and other materials placed at local senior centers and retirement communities. Interested participants were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included (a) 55 years of age or older, (b) prediabetic condition defined as fasting glucose levels between 100-125mg/dl OR diagnosed with type II diabetes, (c) controlled glucose between 70 and 130 mg/dl at the start of testing (baseline), (d) no history of diabetic coma, and (e) willing to participate in two trials of the study and dress appropriately for the exercise condition. Exclusion criteria included (a) diagnosed diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy, (c) known foot ulcers, (d) rapid heartbeat (over 100 at rest), (e) noticeable sweating at rest, (f) high levels of reported anxiety, confusion following requested tasks, (g) use of an insulin pump or insulin secretagogues, or (h) had experienced falls that would prevent safe treadmill exercise. Eligible, interested participants were provided an informed consent and subsequently enrolled in the study.