Furthermore, recent advances in the abiotic fixation of carbon dioxide to formic acid relieve the cell of the need to fix carbon, freeing it from the limitations and resource intensiveness of RuBisCO, instead leveraging its unique ability to synthesize highly reduced, complex carbon containing energy storage molecules. In panels D and E of figure \ref{210552}, abiotic fixation, where \(CO_2\) is initially reduced at an electrode, through \(H_2\) oxidizing microbes and EET capable microbes respectively are presented. Panel F describes the diffusion of \(H_2\) into the cell to be oxidized at a hydrogenase enzyme labeled either MBH (membrane bound hydrogenase), which creates electrons to be carried into cytochrome b, or SH (soluble hydrogenase) to produce NADH to be used in biosynthetic reactions. These electrons are then used to reduce \(O_2\) to create a proton gradient, which is then used to allow menaquinone to reduce NADH with the aid of energy obtained from the gradient that the proton moves down.
In the case of abiotic EET-mediated microbes, the issue lies in the inability for menaquinone to reduce NAD, unlike \(H_2\). Therefore in panel G, the bidirectional movement of the electrons represent the situation that some reduced menaquinol has to be sacrificed to create a proton gradient. The energy built from this gradient can help the remaining menaquinone collect enough energy to reduce NAD into NADH by coupling with a movement of protons down the gradient.
In this article we present the effect of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the four modes of hybrid photosynthesis efficiency shown in figure \ref{210552}. Internal and external parameters considerations were investigated to evaluate photosynthesis efficiency in different aspects. This model will allow readers to be able to make predictions on how their yields will change given the various input parameters that will be used to generate the desired products once physical experiments using this model are finalized.