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Due to increasing the concerns over the depletion of fossil fuel, importance of alternative energy, and increase in atmospheric \(CO_2\) levels attributed to anthropogenic activities, developing in photosynthesis processes for \(CO_2\) reduction to hydrocarbon fuels have promoted. 
The inefficiency of natural photosynthesis arises from an architectural mismatch between the light absorption capability and the carbon fixation ability of a photosynthetic cell (REF- BUZ2015-Adesina 2017). Simply put, a photosynthetic cell can absorb far more light than it can productively use to fix carbon.
Many naturally occurring organisms take advantage of this to dissipate incoming light as heat, denying it to competing organisms (REF- MELIS 2009). This has the effect of reducing the carbon fixation, and hence energy storage potential of a culture or plot of land to far below its potential. Truncating the antenna complex of a photosynthetic organism is able to significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency (REF- Melis 2009)
The rapidly decreasing cost of solar electricity, and autotrophic metabolisms not dependent upon light offer the possibility of improving the distribution of solar energy, dramatically improving the parallelization of carbon fixation, while at the same time offering the potential to use biology to store many types of renewable energy, not just solar.
One of the capable technologies that would be able to harness solar energy for selective biosynthesis systems is Hybrid Photosynthesis.
This technology ranges from completely abiotic, using solar photovoltaics or light capture materials coupled to electrocatalysts that are able to produce storage molecules like \(H_2\) and formic acid (REF- Appel 2003, White 2015, to efforts to improve the efficiency of natural photosynthesis by genetic engineering (Figure \ref{345033}).
Abiotic approaches are typically high efficiency, high rate, but high cost; while biological approaches are self-assembling, self-repairing, but show low efficiency. 
Hybrid photosynthetic schemes like electrosynthesis aim to combine features from completely abiotic and biological photosynthesis in order to produce a solar energy capture and storage system that has all of the advantages of both systems, and as few of the drawbacks as possible (Figure \ref{345033}). In Figure 1, panels B and C describe biotic \(CO_2\) fixation by \(H_2\) and EET mediation respectively and panels D and E describe abiotic \(CO_2\) fixation of \(H_2\) and EET-mediated hybrid photosynthesis respectively.
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