Pellentesque tincidunt lobortis orci non venenatis. Cras in justo luctus, pulvinar augue id, suscipit diam. Morbi aliquet fringilla nibh, vel pellentesque dui venenatis eget. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ultricies ultrices magna gravida porta. Maecenas accumsan diam dui, auctor ornare ex pellentesque id. Integer tempus massa id augue finibus convallis. Nulla vestibulum, nisl id tempor pulvinar, felis dui pellentesque lacus, quis bibendum metus enim sed ex.

Pellentesque tincidunt lobortis orci non venenatis. Cras in justo luctus, pulvinar augue id, suscipit diam. Morbi aliquet fringilla nibh, vel pellentesque dui venenatis eget. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ultricies ultrices magna gravida porta. Maecenas accumsan diam dui, auctor ornare ex pellentesque id. Integer tempus massa id augue finibus convallis. Nulla vestibulum, nisl id tempor pulvinar, felis dui pellentesque lacus, quis bibendum metus enim sed ex.

Often discussed, the spatial extent and scope of the Khmer Rouge irrigation network has not been previously mapped on a national scale. Although low resolution, early Landsat images can identify water features accurately when using vegetation indices. We discuss the methods involved in mapping historic irrigation on a national scale, as well as comparing the performance of several vegetation indices at irrigation detection.Irrigation was a critical component of the CPK’s (Communist Part of Kampuchea) plan to transform Cambodia into an ideal communist society, aimed at providing surplus for the nation by tripling rice production. Of the three indices used, NDVI, CTVI, and TTVI (Normalized Difference, Corrected Transformed, and Thiam’s Transformed Vegetation Indexes, respectively), the CTVI provided the clearest images of water storage and transport. This method for identifying anthropogenic water features proved highly accurate, despite low spatial resolution. We were successful in locating and identifying both water storage and irrigation canals from the time that the CPK (Communist Party of Kampuchea) regime was in power. In many areas these canals and reservoirs are no longer visible, even with high resolution modern satellites. Most of the structures built at this time experienced some collapse, either during the CPK regime or soon after, however many have been rehabilitated and are still in use, in at least a partial capacity.

Often discussed, the spatial extent and scope of the Khmer Rouge irrigation network has not been previously mapped on a national scale. Although low resolution, early Landsat images can identify water features accurately when using vegetation indices. We were successful in locating and identifying both water storage and irrigation canals from the time that the CPK (Communist Party of Kampuchea) regime was in power. We discuss the methods involved in mapping historic irrigation on a national scale, as well as comparing the performance of several vegetation indices at irrigation detection. Of the three indices used, NDVI, CTVI, and TTVI (Normalized Difference, Corrected Transformed, and Thiam’s Transformed Vegetation Indexes, respectively), the CTVI provided the clearest images of water storage and transport. This method for identifying anthropogenic water features proved highly accurate, despite low spatial resolution . In many areas these canals and reservoirs are no longer visible, even with high resolution modern satellites. Most of the structures built at this time experienced some collapse, either during the CPK regime or soon after, however many have been rehabilitated and are still in use, in at least a partial capacity.

Often discussed, the spatial extent and scope of the Khmer Rouge irrigation network has not been previously mapped on a national scale. Although low resolution, early Landsat images can identify water features accurately when using vegetation indices. We were successful in locating and identifying both water storage and irrigation canals from the time that the CPK (Communist Party of Kampuchea) regime was in power. We discuss the methods involved in mapping historic irrigation on a national scale, as well as comparing the performance of several vegetation indices at irrigation detection. Of the three indices used, NDVI, CTVI, and TTVI (Normalized Difference, Corrected Transformed, and Thiam’s Transformed Vegetation Indexes, respectively), the CTVI provided the clearest images of water storage and transport. This method for identifying anthropogenic water features proved highly accurate, despite low spatial resolution . In many areas these canals and reservoirs are no longer visible, even with high resolution modern satellites. Most of the structures built at this time experienced some collapse, either during the CPK regime or soon after, however many have been rehabilitated and are still in use, in at least a partial capacity.,

KEYWORDSKhmer Rouge, Irrigation, Vegetation Index

IntroductionTo accomplish this research, a solid theoretical and analytical understanding of activity spaces is essential, which requires stable geographical and archaeological foundations. I will review several concepts that have been used to interpret the pattern of people’s activities in space.Activity area studies in archaeology position the humans who lived and interacted in ancient cities to the forefront, theoretically repopulating empty sites into the living systems that they once were, to better understand their construction of place (Flannery and Winter 1976). Feminist political geographers have focused on the locus of traditional female activity, the household, and investigated the interplay between domestic and production forces within that space. Household archaeology, reviewed at length by Cynthia Robin in 2003, seeks to humanize archaeological sites by changing the scale at which we observe and experience monumental structures and ancient cities. Spatial pattern analysis of site formation processes and artifact distribution patterns can then lend statistical validity to any interpretation of the material culture record (Kvamme 1985,1990; Schiffer 1985). Observing Xuenkal through these multiple lenses will allow for a more comprehensive analysis of its place and its past.

Pellentesque tincidunt lobortis orci non venenatis. Cras in justo luctus, pulvinar augue id, suscipit diam. Morbi aliquet fringilla nibh, vel pellentesque dui venenatis eget. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ultricies ultrices magna gravida porta. Maecenas accumsan diam dui, auctor ornare ex pellentesque id. Integer tempus massa id augue finibus convallis. Nulla vestibulum, nisl id tempor pulvinar, felis dui pellentesque lacus, quis bibendum metus enim sed ex.

IntroductionTo accomplish this research, a solid theoretical and analytical understanding of activity spaces is essential, which requires stable geographical and archaeological foundations. I will review several concepts that have been used to interpret the pattern of people’s activities in space.Activity area studies in archaeology position the humans who lived and interacted in ancient cities to the forefront, theoretically repopulating empty sites into the living systems that they once were, to better understand their construction of place (Flannery and Winter 1976). Feminist political geographers have focused on the locus of traditional female activity, the household, and investigated the interplay between domestic and production forces within that space. Household archaeology, reviewed at length by Cynthia Robin in 2003, seeks to humanize archaeological sites by changing the scale at which we observe and experience monumental structures and ancient cities. Spatial pattern analysis of site formation processes and artifact distribution patterns can then lend statistical validity to any interpretation of the material culture record (Kvamme 1985,1990; Schiffer 1985). Observing Xuenkal through these multiple lenses will allow for a more comprehensive analysis of its place and its past.