For MRI+ patients, lesions were traced in the volume using AFNI by an experienced neurologist using the T1, informed by the T2 and FLAIR images when necessary. For MRI- patients, the postoperative T1 image was registered to the preoperative T1 image in the same manner as described previously for T2 and FLAIR contrasts, and the resected region was traced using AFNI. The resulting lesion masks were mapped onto the surface at the gray-white junction using AFNI's 3dVol2Surf function.