\[CC^k=\sum_{p-1}^{np}\frac{TCC^P}{\left(1+r\right)^{p-1}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \left(9\right)\]
While \(CC^k\) is the present value of pure density cost after adding planning \(k\) during programming period, \(np\) is the number of years of programming’s horizon and \(r\) is the decline rate \cite{Foroud_2010}.
Load deficiency cost
Load deficiency cost due to line failure in year is calculated as follows \cite{Foroud_2010}.