Fibonacci
Born in approxamately 1170, Leonardo Pisano was the son of Guilielmo, a member of the Bonacci family. Although Fibonacci was born in Italy, he was educated in North Africa where his father held a diplomatic post. Because of his travels with his father, Fibonacci was exposed to mathematics in the Middle East and learned the advantages of the mathematical systems used in other countries. When he was grown and returned to Europe, he wrote a number of texts reviving ancient mathematical skills as well as adding many contributions of his own. Liber abaci, published in 1202, was based on the arithmetic and algebra that Fibonacci had accumulated during his travels. The book introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system as well as the famous rabbit problem that introduces the Fibonacci sequence.
A certain man put a pair of rabbits in a place surrounded on all sides by a wall. How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from that pair in a year if it is supposed that every month each pair begets a new pair which from the second month on becomes productive?