conclusions

In this paper, a fault tolerant computing is designed and implemented for cyber-resilient Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) to avoid the transmission lines overloads while minimizing the wind curtailment. The RAS is modeled as a non linear mixed integer optimization problem, considering the line flow and voltage constraints. The optimization problem is solved using branch and bound method. The proposed method is validated on New England 39 bus system and compared with the DC formulation of the RAS. It was seen that the AC formulation had less curtailment and was able to maintain the voltages in the network well within the limits.
Another contribution of this paper is to develop a cyber-physical test bed to validate the proposed algorithm in real-time. This testbed is utilized to study the impacts of cyber failures on the performance of the RAS. The RAS logic and the power system network is interfaced using a communication network modeled in Network Simulator (NS-3). The proposed architecture is resilient to any cyber node failure to guarantee reliable operation of RAS and hence avoiding any possible cascading events in the network.