Indicators of technological (or functional) failure

Potential  indicators include:
  1. The emergence of new competitors to  the existing technological paradigm

Modes of substitution

Based on the definitions of functional failure and presumptive anomaly described in sections \ref{237706} and \ref{978136}, this study examines the ability to distinguish between these two modes of substitution from analysis of historical scientific and technological data. Table \ref{table:technology_categories} below uses these definitions and evidence obtained from literature to classify a sample set of technologies according to the mode of substitution observed: