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\begin{document}

\title{My First Article}



\author[1]{Harmen}%
\affil[1]{University of Amsterdam (UvA)}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 07, 2024}


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{\ref{239014}}BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) as an
auto-immunedisease is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervoussystem. Certain genes have shown to be involved in the
initiation of MS but thespecific role of some of them e.g.~ IFNAR1has
not been identified in certain populations yet. OBJECTIVE: TheIFNAR1 as
a type I membrane protein shapes one of the two chains of areceptor for
interferons alpha and beta. METHODS:~ To find out how IFNAR1 functions
inthe Iranian population the researchers compared the expression level
of thisgene in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) samples with normal
individuals. RNAfrom the whole blood of 50 RR-MS patients and 50 normal
controls wereextracted. All patients were HLA-DRB1*15 negative and were
responders tointerferon-beta with a normal vitamin D level. The level of
IFNAR1 gene expression was measuredusing quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS:
According to the results the RR-MS patients manifested astatistically
higher expression level of IFNAR1 than their normal counterparts
(p=0.012). Age-wisefemales between the ages 30 to 40 had a significant
increase (p=0.046) but males under 30 showed a statistically
meaningfuldecrease in the expression level (p=0.04). In terms of sex
only the femalepatients manifested a statistically significant increase
in IFNAR1(p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS:The overall results show anincrease in
IFNAR1 level in MS patients treated with IFN-B.BACKGROUND:Multiple
sclerosis (MS) as an auto-immunedisease is an inflammatory demyelinating
disease of the central nervoussystem. Certain genes have shown to be
involved in the initiation of MS but thespecific role of some of them
e.g.~ IFNAR1has not been identified in certain populations yet.
OBJECTIVE: TheIFNAR1 as a type I membrane protein shapes one of the two
chains of areceptor for interferons alpha and beta. METHODS:~ To find
out how IFNAR1 functions inthe Iranian population the researchers
compared the expression level of thisgene in relapsing-remitting MS
(RR-MS) samples with normal individuals. RNAfrom the whole blood of 50
RR-MS patients and 50 normal controls wereextracted. All patients were
HLA-DRB1*15 negative and were responders tointerferon-beta with a normal
vitamin D level. The level of IFNAR1 gene expression was measuredusing
quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: According to the results the RR-MS
patients manifested astatistically higher expression level of IFNAR1
than their normal counterparts (p=0.012). Age-wisefemales between the
ages 30 to 40 had a significant increase (p=0.046) but males under 30
showed a statistically meaningfuldecrease in the expression level
(p=0.04). In terms of sex only the femalepatients manifested a
statistically significant increase in IFNAR1(p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS:The
overall results show anincrease in IFNAR1 level in MS patients treated
with IFN-B.\cite{Sayad}

\par\null

\section{Theorie}

{\label{268232}}

\begin{quote}
Wat een mooi verhaal zeg dat abstract, maar wat kun je hier nou nog meer
mee?~\citet{28449349}
\end{quote}

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\caption{{Letters \& cijfers}}\tabularnewline
\toprule
& a & b & c\tabularnewline
1 & En als je nou heel lang doortypt past de tabel zich dan aan, nee
dus, nou toch wel hoe is het mogelijk, maar wat gebeyurt er als je te
ver gaat?en nu dan wat gebeurt er nu typerdetyp de typ ? &
&\tabularnewline
2 & & &\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\(E=MC2\)

\subsection{\(E=\ MC2\)}

{\label{239014}}\par\null\par\null

Wat is dit, een soort disclaimeroptie? Het werkt in ieder geval wel. Dit
ook, of is dit nu weer gek? Zou dit zo horen? Ah, dit is blijkbaar een
lichtgewicht opmaaktaal, die makkelijk te converteren is naar html.

Html werkt dus, maar wat je er precies aan hebt in een wetenschappelijk
artikel?

\par\null\par\null

Some of the greatest 
discoveries in science 
were made by \textit{accident}. 
Some of the \textbf{greatest} 
discoveries in science 
were made by accident. Some of the greatest 
discoveries in \underline{science} 
were made by accident. Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} 
in science 
were made by accident.
 
\textit{Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} 
in science 
were made by accident.}
 
\textbf{Some of the greatest \emph{discoveries} 
in science 
were made by accident.}


~

\par\null

Dit is een tekst die ingevoegd is, maar wat is daar anders en/of handig
aan ten opzichte van gewoon knippen en plakken?

\par\null

\par\null

\subsubsection{Resultaten}

{\label{184927}}\par\null

Human type I interferons belong to a large subgroup of interferons
(IFNs) involved in regulating the activity of immune system
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_1}{1}{]} \textbf{.} All type I interferons
bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex called IFNAR ~that
consists of \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR1}{IFNAR1}
a}nd \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR2}{IFNAR2} chains
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_2}{2}{]} in other words,
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I}{type I
interferons} including interferon-\selectlanguage{greek}α \selectlanguage{english}and --\selectlanguage{greek}β \selectlanguage{english}is stabilized by the
\textbf{} IFNAR1 receptor {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_3}{3},
\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_4}{4}{]}. ~\emph{IFNAR1} gene encodes the
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain \textbf{} protein
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_5}{5}{]}.

\begin{quote}
The \emph{IFNAR1} is crucial in activating
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway}{JAK-STAT
signaling pathway} {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_6}{6}{]}. Binding and
activating the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases; this in turn
phosphorylate several proteins, including STAT1 and STAT2, which results
in the transcriptional activation of antiviral proteins such as MxA and
2',5' oliogadenylate synthetize {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_7}{7-9}{]}
\end{quote}

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.38\columnwidth]{figures/circle-logo2/circle-logo2}
\caption{{This is a logo
{\label{917007}}{\label{917007}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\emph{Multiple sclerosis (MS) is} a long lasting degenerative, often
episodic disease of the central nervous system marked by patchy
destruction of the myelin caused presumably by an autoimmune process
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_10}{10}{]}. More people are reportedly
contracting MS {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_11}{11}{]}; the increase has
been witnessed in Iran's population as well
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_12}{12}{]}. A number of genetic variations
are known to contribute to the risk of contracting MS. Some genes
suspected to have been involved in MS initiation, e.g. \emph{MMP-9}
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_13}{13}{]} and \emph{TIMP-1}
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_14}{14}{]} have already been investigated
in the Iranian population. ~In addition, we studied association of
several gene polymorphisms and expression involving in immune system
with MS disease {[}15-19{]}. Nonetheless, there are many more genes,
such as the IFNs, still waiting to be investigated. To this end, the
current study aims to evaluate the expression of \emph{IFNAR1}gene in
whole blood of relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients, the most common
form of MS, compared to normal individuals.

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.28\columnwidth]{figures/studieresultatenHarmenvdMeulen-page-001/studieresultatenHarmenvdMeulen-page-001}
\caption{{Behaalde resultaten 2014-2015
{\label{562660}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.00\columnwidth]{figures/studieresultatenHarmenvdMeulen-page-002/studieresultatenHarmenvdMeulen-page-002}
\caption{{Behaalde resultaten 2014-2016
{\label{976753}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\par\null

\subsubsection{Discussie}

{\label{823897}}\par\null

Humantype I interferons belong to a large subgroup of interferons (IFNs)
involved inregulating the activity of immune system
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_1}{1}{]} \textbf{.}All type I interferons
bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex calledIFNAR
{}~thatconsists of
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR1}{\emph{IFNAR1}}\emph{a}nd
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFNAR2}{IFNAR2}chains
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_2}{2}{]}in other words
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I}{type I
interferons} including interferon-\selectlanguage{greek}α \selectlanguage{english}and--\selectlanguage{greek}β \selectlanguage{english}is stabilized by the
\textbf{} IFNAR1 receptor
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_3}{3}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_4}{4}{]}.~\emph{IFNAR1}
gene encodes theInterferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain \textbf{}
protein {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_5}{5}{]}.The \emph{IFNAR1} is
crucial in activating
\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway}{JAK-STAT
signaling pathway} {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_6}{6}{]}.Binding and
activating the receptor stimulates Janus protein kinases; this inturn
phosphorylate several proteins including STAT1 and STAT2 which results
in the transcriptionalactivation of antiviral proteins such as MxA and
2'5' oliogadenylate synthetize{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_7}{7-9}{]}

\emph{Multiplesclerosis (MS) is}a long lasting degenerative often
episodic disease of the central nervoussystem marked by patchy
destruction of the myelin causedpresumably by an autoimmune process
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_10}{10}{]}.More people are reportedly
contracting MS {[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_11}{11}{]};the increase has
been witnessed in Iran's population as well
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_12}{12}{]}.A number of genetic variations
are known to contribute to the risk of contractingMS. Some genes
suspected to have been involved in MS initiation e.g.
\emph{MMP-9}{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_13}{13}{]} and\emph{TIMP-1}
{[}\protect\hyperlink{_ENREF_14}{14}{]}have already been investigated in
the Iranian population. ~In addition we studied association of
severalgene polymorphisms and expression involving in immune system with
MS disease{[}15-19{]}. Nonetheless there are many more genes such as the
IFNs stillwaiting to be investigated. To this end the current study aims
to evaluate theexpression of \emph{IFNAR1}gene in whole blood of
relapsing-remitting MS(RR-MS) patients the most common form of MS
compared to normal \href{http://individuals.com}{individuals}.

\par\null\par\null

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