|
|
|
|
Economics |
Environmental |
Social |
(Tozzi et al., 2013) |
Light commercial |
Diesel and Methane (dedicated) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(Lebeau et al., 2013) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Fleet acquisition
costs; Capacity (weight and dimensions) |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions
and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Sadhu et al., 2014)
|
Bicycle [11A bicycle specially designed for carrying large or heavy
loads. It can be human or electric-powered.]
Tricycle [22Vehicles with three symmetrically arranged wheels fitted
with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of
the internal combustion type and/or a maximum design speed of more
than 45 km/h (ICCT; DieselNet, 2017). It can also be human-powered.]
|
Human
|
Cultural barrier
|
Energy consumption; Delivery time; Traffic congestion
|
Reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants
|
Job creation / Health problems
|
(Visser et al., 2014)** |
Light commercial
[33Vehicles for the carriage of goods and
having a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes (ICCT; DieselNet,
2017).] |
Diesel and Biodiesel |
- |
|
Reduction
of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
Quality of
life |
(Gruber et al., 2014)** |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
Road and recharge infrastructure; Cultural barrier |
Operational cost; Energy consumption; |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and
atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Roumboutsos et al., 2014) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Operational
cost; Recharge infrastructure |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions,
atmospheric pollutants and noise |
- |
(Foltyński, 2014) |
Trolleys [44Small
vehicle with two or four wheels that can be used to transport large or
heavy loads.]/Bicycle / Tricycle, Light
commercial and Motorcycles [55Two-wheel
vehicles without a sidecar (category L3e) or with a sidecar (category
L4e), fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50
cm3 if of the internal combustion type and/or having a maximum design
speed of more than 45 km/h (ICCT; DieselNet, 2017).] |
Electric |
- |
Traffic congestion |
- |
- |
(Kelli de Oliveira et al., 2014)** |
Bicycle /
Tricycle |
Human |
- |
Delivery time |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and
atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Montwiłł, 2014) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(Diziain et al., 2014) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
Cargo
consolidation center; Road and recharge infrastructure |
- |
Reduction
of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Thompson and Hassall, 2014) |
Light commercial |
Diesel |
- |
- |
|
- |
(Schliwa et al., 2014) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Human |
Cultural barrier;
Cargo consolidation center; Capacity (weight and dimensions) |
Energy
consumption; Delivery time |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric
pollutants |
Job creation |
(Alessandrini et al., 2015) |
Light commercial (Autonomous) |
Electric |
Recharge infrastructure e de telecomunicação |
- |
Reduction of CO2
emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Faccio and Gamberi, 2015) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
- |
Operational cost |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
Quality of life |
(Lebeau et al., 2015) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Fleet acquisition
costs |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Andaloro et al., 2015) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Fleet
acquisition costs; Capacity (weight and dimensions) |
- |
Reduction of
CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Dampier and Marinov, 2015) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Human |
Cargo
consolidation center |
Delivery time; Traffic congestion |
Reduction of
CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Schau et al., 2015) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Cargo consolidation
center; Road and recharge infrastructure; Capacity (weight and
dimensions); vehicles charging time |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and
atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Margaritis et al., 2016) |
Light commercial |
Electric |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(Navarro et al., 2016) ** |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
Cargo consolidation center; Road and recharge infrastructure;
Capacity (weight and dimensions) |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions,
atmospheric pollutants and noise |
- |
(Rizet et al., 2016) ** |
Light commercial |
Electric |
Recharge infrastructure (electric) |
Traffic congestion |
Reduction of
CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Gruber and Kihm, 2016) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(Heitz and Beziat, 2016) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
Cargo
consolidation center; |
Operational cost |
Reduction of CO2 emissions
and atmospheric pollutants |
- |
(Anderluh et al., 2016) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
- |
Traffic
congestion |
Reduction of CO2 emissions, atmospheric pollutants and
noise |
- |
(Taniguchi et al., 2016) |
Light commercial |
Diesel |
Cargo
consolidation center |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions, atmospheric
pollutants and noise |
- |
(Schier et al., 2016) |
Bicycle / Tricycle |
Electric |
- |
- |
Reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants |
Quality of
life |