Introduction
As seen from many oil-spill accident, indigenous microbial community of soil and marine environment is capable of degrading oil. 
Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria has drawn attention for bioremediation purpose since large scale oil-spill accident, such as Exxon Valdez, Nakhodka tanker, and deep water horizon oil spill. 
Response of microbial community to hydrocarbon contamination
One of the most intriguing questions related to hydrocarbon contamination is whether we can predict microbial community dynamics based on given environmental condition such as composition of spilt hydrocarbon, physiochemical characteristics of site, or added nutrient because prediction of microbial community will help establishing clean-up strategy, saving cost in bioremediation procedure, and monitoring ecosystem recovery. Bell et al. (2013) suggested that bacterial community was predictable by initial community structure and soil characteristics, especially soil organic matter content. However their result seemed to be a similar pattern observed only in arctic soils they tested. 
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primary driver structuring the microbial community
Microbial pathway for degradation of hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon contamination provides excessive carbon source, resulting the enrichment of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of genes encoding aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes or associated pathways (references).