Sampling error and confidence deduction would be derived differently for paired and un-paried approaches.
Paired sampling approach
Sampling error and confidence deduction will be calculated using the residual difference between LiDAR-based model predictions of aboveground \(\mathrm{CO}_2\mathrm{e}\) and measured plots for all measured plots. The use of the model residuals ensures that any sampling bias is corrected for in the calculation of sampling error.
Unpaired sampling approach