Bioremediation
The utilization / involvement of naturally occurring biotic sources and their metabolic process to decontaminate or detoxify the pollutants in an in situ or exsuit or naturally occurring sites is known as Bioremediation. Based on application of different biotic sources, bioremediation can be further well-defined/classifies as:
Rhizoremediation: Participation or utilization of rhizospheric microorganisms for detoxification or degradation of soil contaminants. The bacteria are most widely used microbes in this process.
Mycoremediation: Involvement of various types of fungi to degrade, or sequester, or biosorption of contaminants through various mechanisms. The widely applied mechanism involves biosorption process.
Phytoremediation: Hyper-accumulating of metals by metal-tolerant aquatic and terrestrial plants for removing/extraction of metals from contaminated environments.
Phycoremediation : is the form of waste water system management by use of macro-algae or micro-algae.
Genoremediation: is a technique of removal /biotransformation/detoxification of xenobiotic by the stimulation of genes in a microorganism through physical or chemical modifications (Kumar et al., 2012).