Bioremediation
The utilization / involvement of naturally occurring biotic sources and
their metabolic process to decontaminate or detoxify the pollutants in
an in situ or exsuit or naturally occurring sites is known
as Bioremediation. Based on application of different biotic sources,
bioremediation can be further well-defined/classifies as:
Rhizoremediation: Participation or utilization of rhizospheric
microorganisms for detoxification or degradation of soil contaminants.
The bacteria are most widely used microbes in this process.
Mycoremediation: Involvement of various types of fungi to
degrade, or sequester, or biosorption of contaminants through various
mechanisms. The widely applied mechanism involves biosorption process.
Phytoremediation: Hyper-accumulating of metals by
metal-tolerant aquatic and terrestrial plants for removing/extraction of
metals from contaminated environments.
Phycoremediation : is the form of waste water system management
by use of macro-algae or micro-algae.
Genoremediation: is a technique of removal
/biotransformation/detoxification of xenobiotic by the stimulation of
genes in a microorganism through physical or chemical modifications
(Kumar et al., 2012).