The Köppen classification

The most used classification scheme is linked to a name of a German-Russian scientist, Vladimir Peter Köppen, who started as a botanist, in the second half of the nineteenth century, and studied the effects of climate on plant growth and other physical factors on climate. His studies were broad and he is often reminded as the initiator of climatology, but we mainly remind him because of his first climate classification and world zoning (started in the late years of 1800, first published in the new century and re-elaborated up to his death, before 2WW).
The classification was later modified by another climatologist, Rudolf Geiger and pictures like the following ones are sometimes called Köppen–Geiger climate maps.