The performance of each marker was illustrated in the circos plot and summarized in the Table 1(Figure 3d and Table 1). In spite of no previous testing or troubleshooting, very few markers were missing for each population, and 91.9% (1838) markers return enough data in all four families (Figure 3d). In addition, the missing markers, the monomorphic markers, and the distorted markers were distinct for each family (Figure 3e-g).  This suggested that a small set of markers might not work for a specific genetic background, but 97.1 % of the markers in this panel can be amplified in some Vitis taxa (the union of markers that ever worked).  As expected, more markers were monomorphic in the narrow RS (610) and BC crosses (597) than the wide, multi-species HC (472) and MN crosses (316).