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\begin{document}

\title{Title}



\author[1]{Dr Abhijit Thakur}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 04, 2024}


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\par\null

\textbf{Title:}

\par\null

\textbf{Decoding Structure of Photon by Newtonian principles, CMB and
WMAP results}

\par\null

1. *Dr Abhijit Thakur

\par\null

{}Author:

\par\null

Dr Abhijit Thakur, MBBS, MS{}

\par\null

Director, Aryaanu Physics Research Centre, 4-A, Bhulabhai Desai Road,
``PARESH''

\par\null

II nd Floor, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 026

\par\null

Phone: 91 8879954678

\par\null

Email: {abhijthakur@gmail.com}{}

\par\null

~

\par\null

\textbf{Title:}

\par\null

\textbf{Decoding Structure of Photon by Newtonian principles, CMB and
WMAP results}

\par\null

\textbf{Abstract}

\par\null

Combining the results of CMB, WMAP experiments with simple, unbiased
theoretical conceptualization of elementary particle has decoded the
structure of universe, photon, electromagnetic radiation and cosmic
cycle. CMB and WMAP results indicate a shape of universe, which is
accepted as it is without deviation.The derivations yield most
simplistic explanation for structure of photon and electromagnetic
radiations. The findings would make interpretation of results of huge
number of experiments on electromagnetic radiations and photons
extremely easy.

\par\null

\textbf{Introduction}

\par\null

Newtonian principle could be applied to define an elementary particle or
God particle. Matching this theoretical concept of God particle to
experimental finding to cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB)1,
2and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)3, 4, 5 could lead us to
amazing results. This correlation couldcomprehensively define Universe,
formation of photons, structure of photon and complete cosmic cycle.

\par\null

\textbf{Methods}

\par\null

Definition of Fundamental Particle or God Particle is the easiestby
applying Newtonian principles. It should be the smallest, the fastest,
particle with its physical properties are physical properties of matter
stretched to perfection. Thus a God Particle is defined as perfectly
spherical, perfectly solid, perfectly rigid, non-deformable particle
with mass and energy. God particle is non-thermal, non-electric,
non-magnetic particle as these properties are selectively manifested in
other particles. Thus these properties are not primary properties and
should not be considered in defining God particle.God particleis a
perfect perpetual machine with perfect conservation of mass and energy
separately. This is as per principle of conservation of mass and
energy6. It has linear and angular momentum. As per simple mechanical
principles contact alignment of God particle is non-conflict counter
spinning alignment7.

\par\null

\textbf{Experiments}

\par\null

Two important WMAP results arethe curvature of space to within 0.4\% of
``flat'' Euclidean and universe to be 13.77 billion years old3, 4,5.
Third important finding of CMB experiments is central flare1, 2. This
yields the simplest derivation that universe is a polyhedron with
multiple flat faces (12, 14, 16 or more, debatable) joined by smooth
curvature without vertex.

\par\null

\textbf{Results \& discussion}

\par\null

As God particle forms everything, it is incorporated into the structure
of universe and it has a cosmic flow across walls of universe, 27.54
billion light years apart. This flow does congest in central area but
presently it is multidirectional symmetrical, laminar, uniform and
steady flow.

\par\null

A simple analogy would decode whole cosmic cycle; the flow would get
congested if more free form of God particles is added to flow. This is
gradually happening due to dissolution of matter in the core of black
holes. The relativistic jets are releasing free form of God particles
back to the space of universe. Progressive rise in free form brings
about turbulence, congestion and stagnation in cosmic flow of God
particle, initiating a cascade of events leading to catastrophic
dissolution of Universe. Catastrophic dissolution adds up huge load of
free form of God Particle to basic cosmic flow. This creates multiple
areas of congestion and stagnation in universe8, 9.

\par\null

Thus whole cosmic cycle is decoded; matter forms dissolve to give free
form of God particle, ultimately reaching stage of catastrophic
dissolution or total destruction of matter. This heralds a new beginning
because congestion and stagnation in God particles flow initiates
process of incorporation of free forms into composite forms in areas of
stagnation, the re-creation of Universe.

\par\null

Now we just have to see the process of incorporation of God particle
into composite form by applying simple principles of physics and
complete structure of photon would be revealed. After complete
dissolution of matter photon is the first particle to populate universe
and we see ahead it takes almost 30 to 40 billion years to form
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from photons, this implies that history
of universe is quite long before big bang.

\par\null

First stage is contact alignment of God particle in non-conflict contact
spin alignment, which progresses to spin aligned cubic close packing of
God particles, the simplest composite form of God Particle10. Second
stage is interlocked spin aligned close packing, is a mixture of
hexagonal close packing in two planes and cubic centred close packing in
third plane. Interlocked close packing is further compressed and stable
close packing under the pressures of cosmic flow of God particle itself,
which represented as nuclear force.(Fig. 1, 2)

\par\null\par\null

Figure1. Free form of God particle form simple composite forms by spin
aligned close packing; simple form is ``spin aligned'' cubic close
packing.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 2. Further compression forces close packing to interlocked ``spin
aligned'' close packing, most stable composite forms have this kind of
close packing.

\par\null

Third stage is swirling of these close packing arrays. These swirling
arrays are analogous to ``Karman vortices'' and are forming at the
periphery of areas of stagnation in flow of God particle.These swirling
arrays of God particles or vortices formed in peripheral zone around
areas of stagnation are going to represent photons in future11.

\par\null

~

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 3. At the peripheral of zone of stagnation vortex of God particle
are formed in pattern similar to Karman vortices with difference that
vortices are formed in all major axes.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 4. Pictorial depiction of vortices formation at the peripheral
zone of area of stagnation, the stable specialized vortices are future
photons.

\par\null

The released vortices are finely carved in the space of cosmic flow of
God particle. Some special characteristics are needed for their survival
in the space of Universe. The specialized vortices or future photons
have counter spinning row of God particle along its prolate spheroid
body with spin axis of rows of God particles along equator and
latitudes. This prolate spheroid has polar defects with polar gating.
(Fig 5, 6)

\par\null

~

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure5. Innermost layer of shell of Photon, with counter-spinning rows,
polar gating is achieved by the spin of the row lining Pole. Inflow pole
represent South Pole and Outflow Pole represents North Pole of photon.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 6. Internal layer of photon shell with counter-spinning rows of
God particles along equator and latitudes. Polar gating achieved due to
spin of God particles lining Poles.

\par\null

Interlocked spin aligned close packing is soul of composite formations
of God Particle, Various aspects of finer correction in structure of
Photon is achieved in the environment of cosmic flow of God particle.
Thickness of shell of Photon is subject to interactions of multiple
forces acting on body of Photon in environment of Basic cosmic flow.
(Fig.7)

\par\null

Gravity and gravitational field has reappeared in universe after total
destruction during catastrophic dissolution of universe. This
reappearance is in the form of gravitational fields of photon.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure7. The shell of Photon with additional layers of rows of God
particle. The basic principle of this formation that is spin aligned
close packing, for depiction purpose spin aligned cubic close packing is
shown, in true form interlocked spin aligned close packing is expected.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 8. Table top model of inner layer of photon from inside and
outside.

\par\null

Interlocked spin aligned close packinghas got transformed from simple
composite form to complex composite form. This complex composite form in
shape of prolate spheroid with polar defects is gradually transformed
into a fully functional photon.The body of photon acquires spin along
polar axis with forward movement. Shell of photon is stabilized into the
space of cosmic flow of God particle by compression force of the
flow,which is equivalent to nuclear force counterbalanced by centrifugal
force due to spin of photon along its polar axis. The stabilization is
finally accomplished under a buffer of layered microenvironmentof free
form of God Particle by gravitational interaction. Microenvironment is
complex interplay of gravity, spin, speed, polar gating and shape of the
particle concerned. (Fig. 9)

\par\null

Photon develops four (4) distinct microenvironments

\par\null

1. Orbital Microenvironment

\par\null

2. Polar Microenvironment.

\par\null

3. Electric Microenvironment

\par\null

4. Internal Microenvironment

\par\null

Orbital Microenvironment:Orbital Microenvironment is basic
microenvironment of a photon, covering the shell of the particle.Free
form of God particle form a cover around shell of photon body like an
environment around a planetary bodyby gravitational interaction. It
creates a buffer zone of layers of curvilinear trajectories of God
particles, curving along the spin of the particle. Orbital
microenvironment follows the spin of the particle. It propagates the
physical properties of the particle and carries along the spin of the
particle.

\par\null

Dilution of perfect physical properties of God particle is achieved
through buffering along the thickness of orbital microenvironment.
Physical interaction in form of collision of particles, friction, and
deformability is mediated through orbital microenvironment. Perfect
physical properties of God particle are diluted to observed physical
properties of matter due to buffering across orbital microenvironment.
These interactions between two bodies could be explained based upon
interaction amongst orbital microenvironment of enumerable participating
particles in matter forms. (Fig.9)

\par\null

Polar Microenvironment: Polar microenvironment is generated around
photon due to its polar gating. It is generated by layer of trajectories
of God particle radiating from outflow pole or North Pole. These
trajectories propagate as Polar Jets or Cylindrical Columns and
curvilinear trajectory across the body of the particle reaching the
inflow pole or South Pole of the particle. It is responsible for
magnetic properties of the particle. Polar microenvironment created by
God particle flow pathways, on complex mixing represents magnetic field
lines. Magnetic interaction between two bodies could be defined on the
basic of these patterns of God particle flow and resultant mechanical
interaction at the level of poles of individual particle. (Fig. 9)

\par\null

Electric or Equatorial microenvironment: Equatorial microenvironment is
a specialised microenvironment of photon, which holds electric
properties. It propagates from equator of the particle and extends along
latitudes to merge with polar flow. Its plane of action is equatorial
plane corresponding to electronegativity of photon. Equatorial
microenvironment imparts electronegativity to photon. Electric
microenvironment is a specialized microenvironment, it is more elaborate
in Electron, Positron and Proton but its primitive form it is represent
in photon. (Fig. 9)

\par\null

Internal microenvironment is layered microenvironment of free form of
God particle present inside the shell of photon. It partially supports
structure of shell from inside.

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 9.White line represent shell of photon, Blue lines represent
selected trajectories of God particle, formed due to Polar gating in
photon, making its polar microenvironment. Green lines represent
electric microenvironment generated due to curved expose shell of photon
forming specialized flow pattern of God particlearound photon. Pink
lines represent orbital microenvironment is formed by curvilinear
trajectory of God particle around shell of photon by gravitational
interaction.

\par\null

The shell of Photon into the space of cosmic flow of God particle
acquires microenvironment. Photon shell is spinning along its polar axis
and has a speed perpendicular to polar axis.

\par\null

If photon moves with speed God particle has two (2) additional
components of motion that are spin along the shell of photon and spin of
God particle itself, this implies that God particle is superluminal

\par\null

\textbf{Electromagnetic radiation (EMR)}

\par\null

The fastest smallest stable photons win the race. Large, sluggish,
unstable, defective photons meet their fate by colliding with smaller
and faster photons showering from their site of origin. Smaller, faster
and stable photons rip through larger ones along their journey form
their site of origin at periphery of God particle congestion zones
towards limiting wall of Universe

\par\null

Photons have long journey to follow. It might be equivalent to around
one to one \& half breadth of universe equivalent to around 30 TO 40
billion light years before free photons are aligned with polarity and
spin to represent EMR following the photon trails. This is the journey
of photon from their site of origin to limiting wall of universe and
then focussing back to the reciprocal points in the space of universe,
following simple principles of reflection of light12. (Fig. 10)

\par\null

Focusing beams of Photons brings about perfect standardization of
photon. Photon with perfectly matched spin and speed could remain in the
track, while mismatched photons are ejected or left behind to be
destroyed. Linear compression in such beam leads to alignment of photons
with their polarity and spin

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure10. Starting from periphery of Zone of congestion to limiting
walls of Universe and then focussing back to reciprocal points complete
photon trail. This is trail is repeated many times and has performed
major functions of forming EMR. The weakened trail is imprinted in
present Universe as CMB.

\par\null

Enumerable, countless photons following the photon trail focus back to
reciprocal points as billions of light yearlong beams of high energy
LASER to energies one more process of incorporation into composite form
of higher generation and releasing EMR as by-product at periphery of
this area. The weakened EMR represent CMB in today's universe after
multiple trips to limiting wall of Universe.~ All photons with perfectly
matched shells are incorporated in such arrays due to ejection of
unmatched shells, thus variable energies of EMR is subjected to variable
thickness of intervening microenvironment of photons in such arrays of
EMR. (Fig. 11, 12)

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 11.Representation of high energy beams of focussing beams of
photon, energising a process of incorporation of God particle into
second level of composite forms, periphery of these central areas are
source of EMR

\par\null

EMR beams are formed with alignment of photons by polarity and spin.
Electric activity is located along equatorial plane and magnetic
activity along polar axis. This creates alternating electric and polar
activity in X and Y axis13. (Fig. 12)

\par\null

{}

\par\null

Figure 12. Beams of EMR with alternating polarity in X axis and
alternating electric activity along equatorial plane in Y axis. Polar,
electric Microenvironments in the array gives wave characteristic to
EMR, Particle characteristic would be mediated through orbital
microenvironment.

\par\null

EMR has speed of light in basic cosmic flow but in other medium or
matter forms speed is dropped due to additional drag imparted by
microenvironment coverings of such forms.

\par\null

Conclusion

\par\null

Definition of structure of photons and EMRswith all functionalities has
been achieved by simplified application of results of CMB and WMAP
experiments. These findings have great importance as they would lead us
to structure of electron, positron neutrinos then to proton, neutron,
atoms and finally to universe, galaxies, star and black holes.Ultimately
realizing the truth``I have a deep faith that principle of the universe
will be beautiful and simple'' Albert Einstein

\par\null

\textbf{References}

\par\null

1. Fixsen, D. J. \emph{``The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave
Background''. The Astrophysical Journal.} 707 (2), 916--920.(2009)

\par\null

2. Smoot Group. \emph{``The Cosmic Microwave Background
Radiation''Lawrence Berkeley Lab.}(1996)

\par\null

3.WMAP team, \emph{The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), NASA
Explorer mission}, (2001)

\par\null

4. Komatsu, KM Smith, J Dunkley, et al,\emph{``Seven-Year Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological
Interpretation''. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series}. 192(2),
18-47, (2010)

\par\null

5. CL Bennett, D Larson, JL Weiland, et al,.\emph{Nine-year Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: final maps and results
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series} 208,(2), (2013)

\par\null

6. Einstein, A., \selectlanguage{ngerman}\emph{``Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der
Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie'', Annalen der
Physik,} 20 (8), 627--633,(1906)

\par\null

7. Newton, Isaac \emph{Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
(Mathematical principles of natural philosophy, in Latin)}.(1687).

\par\null

8. Anderson, J.D., \emph{Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 4th Ed.,}
(McGraw--Hill2007).

\par\null

9. Acheson, D. J. \emph{Elementary Fluid Dynamics.} (Clarendon
Press.1990)

\par\null

10.Goldstein, Herbert; Charles P. et al,\emph{Classical Mechanics (3rd
ed).} (Addison Wesley.2002)

\par\null

11. Theodore von Karman, \emph{Aerodynamics.} (McGraw-Hill 1963)

\par\null

12. Newton Isaac. \emph{Opticks or, a Treatise of the reflexions,
refractions, inflexions and colours of light}. (1704)

\par\null

13. Maxwell J. C., \emph{A Dynamical Theory Of The Electromagnetic
Field}(Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 1865)

\par\null

\textbf{Disclaimer}

\par\null

I don't have any financial support from the industry, institute or
outside source of support. There are no conflicts of interest.

\par\null

I thank NASA, WMAP team.

\par\null

Computer generated artistic image of photon

\par\null

{}

\par\null

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