These studies enable the study of patient specific lymph nodes before and after therapy without invasive procedures. The hLN-on-chip enables assessment of the cytokine release by tissue resident lymphocytes, study of CAR T cell trafficking and expansion, the establishment, expansion and impact of lymph node metastases in real time with allowing visualization of key events by live microscopy. Thus we can study basic human tumor immunology and also develop personalized immunotherapy by conducting “pretrials” in vitro, identifying effective combinations of anti-cancer immunotherapy

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