Impacts of wind farms and solar farms in the world’s deserts on (a-c) on maximum near-surface air temperature, (d-f) minimum near-surface air temperature, and (g-i) surface wind speed. Column 1 to 3 show the impacts of wind farms, solar farms, and these two together, respectively. Only areas with changes significant at 95% by t-test are displayed on the map. Black dots on the map denote the location of wind farms/solar farms. The number at the bottom of map shows the impact averaged over wind farm/solar farm locations.