To
solve maximum loadability problem, a population of fireflies of size
corresponding to PQ buses is
generated. i.e 20 *20. Fitness function for each firefly is evaluated as given
in (11) in Section 3.2. The program is run for given number of iterations i.e.
20. The result obtained using firefly algorithm after 20th iteration
is considered as input to LIA. A small step size of load is incremented on load
buses as explained in Section 3.2 which yields total load of 2.8438 p.u while
voltage at all buses is within limits as given below: