I note that the three-electron bond to describe the benzene
molecule used even W.O. Kermak, R.
Robinson and J. J. Thomson at the
beginning of the 20th century. Here are links to their works:
1. Thomson, J. J. Philosophical Magazine, 1921, 41, 510-538.
2. W.O. Kermak and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc. 427 (1922).
But since it is not taken into account the spin of
electrons, we have already started cyclooctatetraene problems and therefore the
description of the benzene molecule by a three-electron proved unsuccessful.
Using the three-electron bond with multiplicity of 1.5 and
take account of the spin of each electron leads to very good results in the
description of the benzene molecule and explain the aromaticity in general.
With the help of three-electron bond with multiplicity of 1.5 can be
represented by a real formula of many organic and inorganic molecules without
the aid of virtual structures.
Theory of three-electron bond is constantly evolving and is
used in organic and inorganic chemistry. Below I give links to some work of
scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of
application and understanding of the three-electron bond:
1. J.W. Linnett (a) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 83, 2643 (1961). (B)
The Electronic Structures of-Molecules, (Methuen, London, 1964). (C) Science
Progress (Oxford) 60, 1 (1972).
2. Linus Pauling. The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the
Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Modern Structural
Chemistry 3rd Edition. Copyright 1939 and 1940, third edition. 1960 by Cornell
University.
3. R. D. Harcourt. Qualitative Valence-Bond Descriptions of
Electron-Rich Molecules: Pauling "3-Electron Bonds" and
"Increased-Valence" Theory. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New
York 1982.
4. Pauling's Legacy. Modern Modelling of the Chemical Bond.
Edited by Z. B. Maksic. ELSEVIER 1999.
Benzene molecule with three-electron bond. W.O. Kermak and R. Robinson, J. J. Thomson.