Introduction

 
 
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancer amongst men in the USA and the second most dangerous of male death worldwide after Lung cancer [1], and the development of  new and more potent anti-PC compounds is a constant requirement. PC cell growth is strongly dependent on androgens, therefore blocking their effect can be beneficial to the patient's health. Such outcomes can be achieved by antagonism of the androgen receptor (AR) using anti-androgen drugs, which have been extensively explored either alone or in combination with Castration [2].1 Flutamide [3], 2 hydroxyflutamide, 3 bicalutamide [4], 4 nilutamide (Niladron®) [5], 5 enzalutamide (previously called MDV3100) [6], and 7 ARN509 [7] are all non-steroidal androgen  and Abiraterone acetate , Oxendolone , Cyproterone acetate are receptor antagonists approved for the treatment of  PC and Galeterone under development  (Fig. 1). In many cases, after extended treatment over several years, these anti-androgens become ineffective and the disease may progress to a more aggressive and lethal form, known as castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The major cause of this progressive disease is the emergence of different mutations on the AR, which cause the anti-androgen compounds to function as  
agonists, making them tumour-stimulating agents [8]. Among the drugs used for the treatment of PC, bicalutamide and enzalutamide selectively block the action of androgens while presenting fewer side effects in comparison with other AR antagonists [9-11].

The format of this template follows the typical journal publication which includes an abstract for summarizing the article, an introduction, results and conclusion. Examples of an equation, list and citation are also included. 

The purpose of the introduction

Most academic introductions follow an ‘inverted pyramid’ structure: they start broad and narrow down to a specific thesis or research question. The introduction should reveal
  1. some broad knowledge of the overall topic
  2. references to related and prior work in the field of investigation
  3. succinct overview of the major point of the paper.