Computer software was used for implant planning and guided surgery. A provisional prosthesis was loaded on the day of surgery; the definitive prosthesis with a milled titanium framework was loaded one year later. There were no clinical or radiographic changes around the dental implants at two-years post- surgery.

The effectiveness of patent foramen ovale closure for migraine has been previously discussed. By contrast, very few studies have reported the association between migraine and atrial septal defect closure. Here we report a case in which atrial septal defect closure effectively relieved migraine headaches.

A document by Steffen Mickenautsch. Click on the document to view its contents.

This Supporting Information includes: a comparison of the REAL (Robot Ear Accomplished by Laser) with a typical vibration measuring system (Laser Doppler Vibrometers, LDV), frequency response of various materials on REAL and real-time analysis of REAL audio neural network model. Xiaoping Hong  Email:    hongxp@sustech.edu.cn

Pichia pastoris as an efficient host for the production of recombinant proteins is mostly cultivated in fed-batch mode in which the cell’s environment is continuously changing. Therefore, to fine-tune bioreactor performance in respect to the associated metabolic changes of the microorganism, it is crucial to understand the influence of feeding strategy parameters on the intracellular reaction network. In this study, dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA) integrated with transcriptomics data was used to simulate the recombinant P.pastoris (Muts) growth during induction phase for 3 fed-batch µ-stat strategies. The induction phase was divided into equal time intervals and the correlated reactions with protein yield were identified in the 3 fed-batch strategies using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis was applied to cluster induction phase time intervals and identify the role of correlated reactions on metabolic differentiation of time intervals. It was found that increasing fluxes through the methanol dissimilation pathway increased protein yield. By adding a methanol assimilation pathway inhibitor (HgCl2) to the shake flask medium containing 10% (v/v) glycerol, the protein titer increased by 60%. Using the DFBA revealed that the higher the dimensionless flux of methanol, the higher amounts of protein yield. Finally, a novel feeding strategy was developed so that the dimensionless methanol flux increased compared to the performed cultivations. Protein titer increased by 16% compared to the optimally performed cultivation, while production yield increased by 85%.

A mathematical examination of the SIR model under mutation is presented in this paper, by integrating an incubation time lag and a general nonlinear incidence rate. When the virus mutates, the recovered population loss its immunity. A time lag gives for a grace period before people become vulnerable once more. At the rate ‘c,’ they become vulnerable, which is the recovery rate, depending upon their status at (t-τau). The three-state variable are S (Susceptible population), I (Infected population) and R (Recovered population). A non-zero equilibrium point has been found. Stability and Directional analysis are performed about this non-zero equilibrium. Hopf-Bifurcation occurred when the delay parameter τ goes beyond a critical point value. Sensitivity analysis is performed by using direct method and Directional analysis is performed by using K. R. Schneider, "Hassard, B. D." [22]. Numerical simulation is done to support analytical results using MATLAB.

In this study, the regulatory effect of exogenous melatonin on the expression of genes related to the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism in seedlings under NaCl stress was determined; the homology between enzyme genes and similar genes in other species was analyzed by applying different concentrations of exogenous melatonin to rice seedlings under NaCl stress; and the morphology and physiological indicators of seedlings were determined. Exogenous melatonin was found to upregulate the expression of OsGR3, OsGPX1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 in seedlings under NaCl stress, which enhanced the enzyme activities of the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism, ultimately reducing the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen efficiency. A high homology was found when rice OsGR3, OsGPX1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 were compared with similar genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays, and Sorghum bicolor. Further, the location of the gene on the chromosome, the similar gene structure, GO annotation, and KEGG metabolic pathways were explained by the functions and metabolic processes of OsGR3, OsGPX1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1. Overall, our findings indicate that exogenous melatonin participates in the regulation of enzyme gene expression during the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism, ultimately affecting the activities of related enzymes and alleviating the oxidative damage induced by ROS in seedlings.

Niclosamide is a FDA-approved anthelminthic drug for the treatment of parasitic infection. However, over the past few years, the increasing evidence has shown that Niclosamide could treat diseases beyond parasitic diseases, which include metabolic diseases, immune system diseases, bacterial and viral infections, other types of diseases and cancer. Therefore, we systematically review the pharmaceutical activities and therapeutic prospects of Niclosamide in human disease and cancer, and summarize the related molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, which provides theoretical support for the new therapeutic value of old drug.

Introduction: topical rapamycin has been established as an effective and safe therapy for facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. Different formulations have been tested for this skin disease, most using an ointment as a vehicle. Purpose: to improve the classical formulation of topical rapamycin and to determine the validity period of the proposed options based on chemical, physical and microbiological stability studies. Methods: four different 0.4% rapamycin formulations were prepared (ointment, emulsion, gel and liposomes). The stability studies for each formulation were: chemical (extraction with lipophilic solvents and high-performance liquid chromatography assay), physical (pH, uniformity, extensibility, absence of crystals, absence of phase separation and only for liposomal formulation was determined particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency) and microbiological (culture samples in blood-agar media) during 56 days. Results: only liposomes were chemically, physically and microbiologically stable after 8 weeks. Ointment, emulsion and gel formulations lost their chemical and physical stability before 56 days. Conclusions: this study describes a new four formulations to improve the previously treatment for facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. It also provides favorable stability data only for liposomes. However, more dermokinetic and clinical studies are needed to confirm that liposomes are most appropriate to ensure effectiveness, safety and high patient satisfaction.

Dr Daniel GraceMBBS BSc (Hons) Dip EWM DTMH MRCGP (2017) MFTM RCPS(Glasg) FRGS Portfolio GP, Travel Health Physician and Expedition DoctorAbertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Boarddaniel.grace@nhs.netCompeting interests: noneFinancial contributions: none

Background and Purpose: Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are widely used to treat metabolic complications; however, the limited effect of PPARα agonists on glucose metabolism and the adverse effects associated with selective PPARγ activators have stimulated the development of novel pan-PPAR agonists to treat metabolic disorders. Here, we synthesised a new prenylated benzopyran (BP-2) and evaluated its PPAR-activating properties, anti-inflammatory effects and impact on metabolic derangements. Experimental Approach: BP-2 was used in transactivation assays to evaluate its agonism to PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. A parallel-plate flow chamber was employed to investigate its effects on TNFα-induced leucocyte-endothelium interactions, and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to determine its effects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemokines and p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. PPARs/RXRα interactions were determined using a gene silencing approach. Analysis of its impact on metabolic abnormalities and inflammation was performed in ob/ob mice. Key Results: BP-2 displayed strong PPARα activity, with moderate and weak activity against PPARβ/δ and PPARγ activity, respectfully. In vitro, BP-2 reduced TNFα-induced endothelial ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and fractalkine/CX3CL1 expression, suppressed mononuclear cell arrest via PPARβ/δ-RXRα interactions and decreased p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. In vivo, BP-2 improved the circulating levels of glucose and triglycerides in ob/ob mice, suppressed T-lymphocyte/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory markers in the liver and white adipose tissue, but increased the expression of the M2-like macrophage marker CD206. Conclusion and Implications: BP-2 emerges as a novel pan-PPAR lead candidate to normalise glycaemia/triglyceridaemia and minimise inflammation in metabolic disorders, likely preventing the development of further cardiovascular complications.

Background: Cancer patients were considered to be at high risk for COVID-19 because they are more likely to develop serious infections. Children and adolescents with cancer are also more vulnerable to COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes in a cohort of children and adolescents with cancer in NE-Brazil. Methods: This is a survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of cancer patients hospitalized between April 2020 and September 2021 at the public pediatric oncology service of Sergipe. All children and adolescents underwent detection of SARS-CoV-2 through RT-PCR. Results: One hundred fifteen patients were hospitalized but three were transferred to other services and they were excluded from this study. The final sample consisted of 112 children. Had at least one COVID-19 positive test 54.46% and 40.18% among these patients died. There was difference between death and positive test (p=0.03; odds ratio [OR], 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-5.09), observing higher mortality rate among patients with coronavirus positive test, having them or not COVID-19 symptoms. There was also difference between outcome and patients’ oncological diagnosis (p=0.02; OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.16-11.44). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection and fatality rates among pediatric oncology patients were significantly higher than those found in previous studies. There was also a higher number of deaths in the group with a positive test and with solid tumors, with the predominant cause of death being the progression of the oncological disease.

Aim: Understand the ecological processes that shape community composition in eelgrass meadows along the coast of France at local and regional scales. Location: Northeastern Atlantic. Methods: Combining taxonomic and trait-based approaches with structural equation modeling, we explored the mechanisms governing community assembly in five meadows located over a distance of 800 km along the French coast in the Northeast Atlantic. We assessed the spatial variability of eelgrass-associated invertebrate communities as affected by environmental parameters or morphological traits of the eelgrass and linked these mechanisms to their impacts at local and regional scales through analyses of the taxonomic and functional α and β diversities. We then quantified the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on macrofaunal structure and composition. Results: Eelgrass meadows locally favored higher species abundance, diversity, and functional traits present in the community relative to nearby bare sediments. At the regional scale, eelgrass diversity was comparable between sites, with high species turnover observed among them, and each site being characterized by different species and different sets of traits. These differences were due in part to morphological traits of the meadows, but the explanatory variables that best explained the differences among the meadows were environmental conditions, including temperature, current velocity, and Δ water level. Main conclusions: Meadows appear to harbor subsets of species from the regional species pool, rather than harboring eelgrass-specific assemblages. The processes that maintain seagrass diversity appear to reflect a seascape-scale meta-community composed of many habitats connected by source-sink dynamics. Given that eelgrass enhances the diversity and abundance of species found in neighboring habitats, conservation programs should consider ecosystem-level protection spanning multiple habitats, including eelgrass, in order to maximize the protection of biodiversity.

Mining is one of the main drivers of deforestation of tropical forests. This activity affects the storage of aboveground biomass of these ecosystems; and, therefore, its ability to contribute to the mitigation of global climate change. The influence of soils on the aboveground biomass of areas post-mining in the Colombian Pacific was evaluated. For this, plots were established in areas post-mining and with different successional ages (12-15 years, 30-35 years and mature forest). The aboveground biomass and physicochemical parameters of the soil were measured. A aboveground biomass of 15.58 t ha-1, 35.17 t ha-1, and 178.32 t ha-1 was recorded at 12-15 years, 30-35 years and mature forest, respectively. The aboveground biomass was positively correlated with organic matter (OM), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), CICE, total nitrogen (N) and silt; whereas, with sand, aluminum (Al) and potassium (K) content the relationship was negative. It was evidenced that the relationship between aboveground biomass and soils was different in each successional age. When evaluating the changes of aboveground biomass and soils in the successional, it was observed that the aboveground biomass and total N increased with the recovery time; while the P and K decreased with succession. On the other hand, the contents of OM, Mg, Al, Ca and CICE, showed curvilinear tendencies, since they increased in the first stages, and then in the advanced successional stages they decreased. In summary, the results showed that the aboveground biomass of areas post-mining was limited by multiple soil nutrients.

Background and aims High-intensity grazing in Mongolian grasslands has led to the general deterioration of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Abundant evidence shows that grazing affects the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, especially under overgrazing. Methods We examined the effects of three grazing intensities (0, 1.92, and 3.08 sheep ha-1 a-1) on plant commu-nities, plant and soil C, N and P contents, and plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry in a desert grassland in different years. Results Grazing did not affect plant coverage, richness, or N:P, and the plant community biomass, litter bio-mass and C:N and C:P were highest under a zero grazing intensity. Soil C:N changed with the year and grazing intensity. However, soil C:P and N:P were higher in 2018 than in 2016 and 2017. Conclusions Our study suggested that grazing promoted the flow of N between plants and the soil, especially at 3.08 sheep ha-1 a-1. Under grazing stress, plants maintained the potential for compensatory growth. Further-more, N was shown to be the limiting fertilizer component for plants growing in this area among the three grazing intensities.

Apalutamide is a novel competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer or metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Rash is the most common skin adverse reaction of apalutamide. If rash is paid insufficient attention, further developing life-threatening Stevens–Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Here, we reported a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by apalutamide. An 86-year-old male patient developed a Nikolsky-positive maculopapular rash, skin exfoliation and mucosal erosion involving 60% body surface area 24 days after treatment of oral apalutamide (180mg/d) for prostate cancer with bone metastases. The skin manifestations aggravated after discontinuation of apalutamide and treatment of methylprednisolone (0.8mg/kg/d) and immunoglobulin (400mg/kg/d) for 2 days. Then, clinician increased the dose of methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. The skin symptoms improved after treatment of methylprednisolone (1.2mg/kg/d) and immunoglobulin (600mg/kg/d) for 5 days. This is the first to report a dose-dependent response to methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin in the treatment of apalutamide-caused toxic epidermal necrolysis. Since the number of prostate cancer patients treated with apalutamide increases, it is necessary to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment experience in cases of severe skin adverse reactions caused by apalutamide.

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-linked climate patterns have been known to be associated with several rodent species, but the effects of ENSO on rodent populations at both the spatial and temporal scales in wild natural plague foci of southern China, have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we investigated the possible natural environmental factors relating ENSO, precipitation, relative humidity and surface temperatures to the populations of 2 allopatric rodent species (Apodemus chevrieri and Rattus tanezumi) in Jianchuan county the most important core area of the natural foci of wild plague in southern China from 1978 to 2019. Our results indicated that ENSO-driven climate factors, such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), rainfall, surface temperature, and other biological factors, all affected the rodent population densities. We found that sympatric rodent species with different life histories respond differently to precipitation and surface temperature, while SOI had a similar effect on the population densities of these two species, and the effect of SOI on rodent population densities was time-dependent. Additionally, nonlinear negative relationships were established between the population density of rodents and SOI, and El Niño events were found to be beneficial for increasing the rodent density, whereas La Niña events were favorable for decreasing the rodent density. The cross-wavelet analysis results revealed that the rodent population density oscillated in an anti-phase pattern with SOI over a period of approximately 2-3 years before 1995 but has oscillated in-phase with SOI over the same periods since 1995. These results indicate that ENSO-driven climate variations may significantly impact rodent population dynamics in Jianchuan county, and SOI, a large-scale climate factor, has the same effect on sympatric rodent species with different life histories.

Experimental evidence shows that grassland plant diversity enhances ecosystem functioning. Yet, the transfer of results from controlled biodiversity experiments to naturally assembled ‘real world’ ecosystems remains challenging. Here, we address this issue by experimentally sowing locally absent plant species in 73 agricultural grasslands along a land-use intensity gradient, to test how ecosystem functions related to productivity and nutrient cycling respond to species enrichment. We found that only one of 12 ecosystem functions responded to changes in species richness. In fact, ecosystem functioning was rather driven by environmental conditions and land-use intensity. This suggests that the functionally-relevant niche space is saturated in naturally assembled grasslands, and that competitive, high-functioning species are already present. While nature conservation and cultural ecosystem services certainly benefit from species enrichment, our study indicates that plant species enrichment may deliver only weak increases in ecosystem functioning in both moderately intensive and traditionally managed agricultural grasslands.

Objective To study the patterns of glycemic status in response to Antenatal corticosteroid administered to women with risk of preterm delivery between 24 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation in normoglycemic subjects and to evaluate if maternal characteristics predicted the development of hyperglycemia Design : longitudinal study Participants : 76 antenatal women, normoglycemic status between 24 weeks and 36 week 6 days of gestation Methods : Antenatal women who screened negative for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by 75 gm GTT who received Injection Betamethasone for risk of preterm delivery . Fasting and Postprandial blood sugar levels were recorded from day 1 to 7 after steroid administration. Results Forty seven out of seventy six patients had hyperglycemia of varying severity. Among the risk factors associated with hyperglycemia, age>25 years, family history ofdiabetes and hypertension and BMI >25 have statistically significant association with hyperglycemia. was Conclusion : Antenatal corticosteroids have proven benefit in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity hence should be definitely administered as benefit outweigh sideeffects .Hyperglycemia can occur even in normoglycemic women after antenatal corticosteroids. Testing of all antenatal patients who are at risk for development of hyperglycemia especially in age group more than 25years, BMI over 25, hypertensive patients, family history of diabetes is recommended after ACS . KEY WORDS : GLYCEMIC STATUS, ANTENATAL STEROIDS

This paper considers explicit neutral delay differential equations (NDDE) with piecewise continuous initial functions. We explain how the discontinuities in the solutions arise and present a perturbing scheme, in combination with an adaptive Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation method, to deal with this type of problems computationally. The pointwise and mean convergence of the continuous solution of the perturbed NDDE to the discontinuous solution of the original NDDE are proved. Our new method for discontinuous NDDEs and the rigorous theoretical analysis provided are particularly important since explicit NDDEs have received little attention in the literature. Numerical results are given to show that the proposed method can be implemented in an efficient and accurate manner.

Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries (AAOCA) is a rare congenital abnormality involving the origin and course of coronary arteries and present with diverse clinical manifestations in patients. We describe a 12-year-old male patient whose anomalous left coronary artery (LCA) originated from the right aortic sinus of Valsalva (RASV), accompanied with myocardial infarction. He was diagnosed by multimodal imaging including invasive coronary angiography (ICA), computed tomography angiography (CTA) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), providing morphologic and functional information of the abnormal coronary arteries. The patient was corrected with surgery after the preparation of multimodal imaging.

Nasogastric tube (NGT) use has been common in the immediate postoperative period in surgical patients for decades. Potential advantages include the decompression of gastric contents and the early administration of time-sensitive medications. However, its routine use after cardiac surgery has not been established as a gold standard yet. The NGT use for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting has been a matter of debate in literature. Also, NGT use has also been associated with the incidence of some respiratory and gastrointestinal complications and it may be a source of significant pain and discomfort to patients. In this article, we review the current available literature regarding the use of NGT during and immediately after cardiac surgery, with particular emphasis on its potential role in enhanced postoperative recovery.

In this case, we reported an old female with a rare combination of the Scimitar Syndrome and pulmonary artery aneurysm, and she presented with chest pain, fatigue and shortness when admitted in our hospital. Further cardiac examination including echocardiography and computed tomography angiogram were performed and revealed these rare anomalies. Surgical procedure was carried out to cure the patient. This patient stayed in ICU for few days without any major complications and discharged from hospital after 10 days.

Changes in the heart allocation system have led to transplant programs traveling greater distances for donor organs. At the same time, several new technologies have emerged to provide improvements in donor organ protection when compared with traditional strategies. These new developments have increased the need for a better understanding of risks associated with donor injury related to various types of ischemia.