The use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in agriculture has reached a critical point, and classification studies utilizing machine learning (ML) methods for agricultural products are being conducted intensively. However, these studies face challenges in creating balanced datasets, which can significantly impact the performance of proposed methods and lead to confusing results. In this study, we address this challenge by creating a dataset comprising data from 7 species of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and 2 species of pistachio fruit (Pistacia vera L). Our objective is to evaluate the performance of ML methods on this dataset and explore the effectiveness of the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) for improving classification accuracy. Initially, we performed classification on the original dataset using popular ML methods. Among these methods, the POLY-SVM model exhibited the best performance with an accuracy ratio of 92.95%. However, we observed limitations in the classification results due to the unbalanced distribution of data among different classes. To address this issue, we applied the SMOTE technique for over-sampling, which effectively balanced the data distribution. The POLY-SVM model, when trained on the dataset after SMOTE over-sampling, achieved a significantly improved classification accuracy of 98.64%. Furthermore, our proposed model demonstrated enhanced sub-classification performance, particularly for fruit species. In conclusion, this study highlights the challenges posed by unbalanced data distribution in agricultural product classification studies using ML methods. By utilizing the SMOTE technique for data over-sampling, we successfully addressed this challenge and improved classification accuracy.

Aims: Conduct a systematic review of case reports and case series regarding the development of acute abdomen following vaccination with COVID-19, to describe in detail the possible association, the clinical and demographic characteristics. Methods: Case report studies and case series regarding the development of acute abdomen following COVID-19 vaccination were included. Systematic review studies, literature, letters to the editor, brief comments, etc. were excluded. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 15, 2023. The Joanna Brigs Institute tool was used to assess risk of bias and study quality. Descriptive data were expressed as frequency, median, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Seventeen clinical case studies were identified and 17 patients with acute abdomen associated with COVID-19 vaccination were evaluated, including: acute appendicitis (n=3), acute pancreatitis (n=9), diverticulitis (n=1), cholecystitis (n=2) and colitis (n=2). The most associated COVID-19 vaccine was Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA) with 64.71 %. The majority of cases acute abdomen was after the first dose (52.94 %). All patients responded objectively to medical (88.34 %) and surgical (11.76 %) treatment and were discharged within a few weeks. There were no cases of death. Conclusions: Acute abdomen is a rare complication of great interest in the medical and surgical practice of COVID-19 vaccination, our study reviewed based on a small sample of patients, therefore it is recommended to conduct future observational studies and fully elucidate the mechanisms by which this association occurs.

A document by Gang Yu. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Koffi GUEDENON. Click on the document to view its contents.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on pain control during pterygomandibular puncture. A patient received anesthesia on both sides of the mouth in a randomized manner. On the right side, an 808nm infrared low-level laser was applied before local anesthesia. On the left side, a sham laser was applied using the same technique. There was a 50% reduction in pain levels on the PBM-treated side compared to the sham PBM side, as measured by the visual analog scale. Sensitivity tests revealed that anesthesia was more effective on the PBM side. There was no significant difference in blood pressure before and after anesthesia on either side. While these findings are based on a single case report, they suggest that photobiomodulation before anesthesia may alleviate puncture pain associated with anesthesia. Nevertheless, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this complementary therapy.

Infective endocarditis associated with atopic dermatitisYamato Tamura, MD*, and Takehisa Abe, MDDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Prefectural Seiwa Medical Center, 1-14-16 Mimuro, Sango-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara, 636-0802, Japan*Corresponding author: Yamato Tamura, MDDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Prefectural Seiwa Medical Center1-14-16 Mimuro, Sango-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara 636-0802, JapanTel: +81-745-32-0505Fax: +81-745-32-0517E-mail: ytamura.cvs@gmail.com

IntroductionConsciousness refers to the state in which a person is awake and aware. The depth of wakefulness can be measured by Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Awareness is ability of responding appropriately to internal and external stimuli (1, 2). Consciousness state divides into coma (a pathologic state without wakefulness or awareness), vegetative state (unresponsive wakefulness syndrome), and minimally conscious state (1, 3).There is a broad spectrum of disorders that can cause stupor and coma. They are divided to two main groups: structural and functional pathologies. Structural etiologies include trauma and cerebrovascular disease. Nonstructural etiologies are intoxications, infections, seizures and metabolic derangements (4). Some of these differential diagnoses are emergencies such as acute stroke, expanding mass lesion, and herniation syndrome especially when there is papilledema or focal neurologic deficits in physical examinations and we can exclude them by head CT scan. Another emergency condition is bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis presenting with fever. Thus, febrile unconsciousness suggest LP and further CSF evaluation (5). As mentioned above, metabolic derangements (such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, uremia, and hypothyroidism), toxins (including lead, cyanide, methanol, and carbon monoxide) and drugs (such as sedatives, barbiturates, opiates, alcohol, anticholinergics, H1-antihitamines, and amphetamines) could also result in decreased level of consciousness (6, 7).An important cause of decreased level of consciousness is drug intoxication, unintentional or deliberate poisoning. Deliberate self-poisoning is the most common way of suicide that leads to death or some substantial consequences like cardiac, brain, pulmonary, renal injury and other organ dysfunctions (8-10).Herein, we report a 25-year-old woman presented with steady unconsciousness (GCS=7) for 10 days.

The study of microbiomes across organisms and environments has become a prominent focus in molecular ecology. This perspective article explores methodological advancements, common challenges and future directions in the field. Key research areas include understanding the drivers of microbiome community assembly, linking microbiome composition to host genetics, exploring microbial functions, transience, and spatial partitioning, and disentangling non-bacterial components of the microbiome. Methodological advancements, such as quantifying absolute abundances, sequencing complete genomes, and utilizing novel statistical approaches, are also useful tools for understanding complex microbial diversity patterns. Our aims are to encourage robust practices in microbiome studies and inspire researchers to explore the next frontier of this rapidly changing field.

The plant cell wall is a plastic structure of variable composition that constitutes the first line of defense against environmental challenges. Lodging and drought are two stressful conditions that severely impact on maize yield. In a previous work, we characterized the cell walls of two maize inbreds susceptible (EA2024) or resistant (B73) to stalk-lodging. Here, we show that drought induces phenotypical, physiological, cell wall, and transcriptional changes with distinct dynamics in the two inbreds, and that B73 is less tolerant than EA2024 to this stress. While in control conditions, stalk of EA2024 had higher levels of cellulose, uronic acids and p-coumarate than B73, upon drought these displayed increased levels of arabinose-enriched polymers, such as pectin-arabinans and arabinogalactan proteins, and a decreased lignin content. By contrast, a deeper rearrangement of cell walls including the modification of lignin composition and an increase of uronic acids was observed in B73. Drought induced higher changes in gene expression in B73 compared to EA2024, particularly in cell wall-related genes, that were altered in an inbred-specific manner. Transcription factor enrichment assays unveiled inbred-specific regulatory networks coordinating cell wall genes expression. Altogether, these findings reveal that B73 and EA2024 inbreds, with opposite stalk-lodging phenotypes, undertake different cell wall modification strategies in response to drought. We propose that the specific cell wall composition that confers lodging resistance to B73 compromises its cell wall plasticity and renders this inbred more susceptible to drought.

This research delves into the critical domain of high-temperature pressure vessel design, focusing on SA 387 Grade 11 Class 2 steel—an exceptional material known for its resistance to both corrosion and high temperatures. The study combines experimental investigations and numerical simulations to explore the intricate temperature distributions within this material during the Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process. Experimental endeavors entailed welding SA387 steel plates under controlled conditions, precisely measuring temperatures at key locations. Concurrently, a numerical finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed, incorporating a 3D Goldak’s double ellipsoidal heat source model within ANSYS software. The research seamlessly integrates these two approaches, allowing for a comprehensive comparison of experimental and numerical temperature data. The results highlight the capacity of the FEA model to predict temperature profiles during SAW accurately, presenting a potent tool for optimizing welding parameters without extensive trial and error. Furthermore, this study advances our comprehension of welding processes involving high-temperature-resistant materials, offering valuable insights for industries requiring operations at elevated temperatures.

Passiflora is a plant genus known for its extremely distinctive and colorful flowers and a wide range of genome sizes (over ten-fold variation). However, the relationship between differences in genome size and organization and the variations in flower size and morphology among Passiflora species remains largely unexplored. Here, we assembled a chromosome-scale genome of Passiflora foetida, which is a close relative of the commercial passionfruit P. edulis. While the genome of P. foetida contains a substantial proportion of repetitive elements (66.7% of 424.16 Mb), it possesses significantly fewer copies of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) compared to P. edulis (83.94% of 1278.14 Mb; 87.29% of 1241.66 Mb). The disparity in LTR-RTs is one of the main contributors to the differences in genome sizes between these two species and possibly in floral traits. Additionally, we observed variation in insertion times and copy numbers of LTR-RTs across different TE lineages. Then, by integrating transcriptomic data from 33 samples (eight floral organs and flower buds at three developmental stages) with phylogenomic and metabolomic data, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the expression, phylogeny, and copy number of MIKC-type MADS-box genes and identified essential biosynthetic genes responsible for flower color and scent. Our study provides new insights on genome size variation and the evolution of flower development in two important Passiflora species.

Anthropogenic climate change is creating a more flammable future by increasing the number of days when vegetation is dry enough to burn. Indices representing the percent moisture content of dead fine fuels as derived from meteorological data have been used to assess geographic patterns and temporal trends in vegetation flammability. To date, this approach has assumed a single flammability threshold, typically between 8 and 12%, controlling fire potential regardless of the vegetation type or climate domain. Here we investigate geographic variation in fuel moisture levels associated with observed fire activity among ecoregions by analysing global reanalysis data and remotely sensed burnt area products. This geospatial analysis identified a wide range of ecoregion flammability thresholds (EFTs) associated with fire activity, often well above or below the commonly used range of values. Many boreal and temperate forests, for example, can burn with much higher fuel moisture than previously identified; Mediterranean forests, on the other hand, tend to burn with consistently low fuel moisture. Bayesian modelling showed that EFTs are primarily driven by eco-climatological variables, particularly precipitation and temperature. Our analysis also identified complex associations between vegetation structure, fuel types, and climatic conditions highlighting the complexity in vegetation-climate-fire relationships globally. Our study provides a critical, necessary step in understanding and describing global pyrogeography and tracking changes in spatiotemporal fire activity.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a disease with the highest mortality rate among gynecological tumors. After years of studies, despite targeted drugs and immunotherapies have been developing, their therapeutic effects are still not ideal. Statins, as lipid-lowering medicines, have many findings beyond expectation in the fight against cancer, and have shown promisingly positive results in clinical trials. Actually, statins cannot be used as a monotherapy to achieve complete remission due to its efficacy established, but for its great potential lying in effects about synergism and sensibilization with other drugs, and even the reduction of side effects of anti-cancer treatment. This review summarizes the evidence and potential of combining statins with first-line chemotherapy, bevacizumab, PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy drugs in the pharmacotherapy of ovarian cancer, and proposes hypothesises about new combination therapies based on the current mechanisms and theories, to provide a new perspective to further experimental research and clinical trials.

Background and Purpose: The co-use of opioids and other drugs is prevalent, both in a clinical setting and during opioid misuse. We investigated whether drug-drug interactions occur between oxycodone and xylazine, diazepam, etizolam, and methamphetamine using rat liver microsomes. Experimental Approach: Michaelis–Menten parameters (Km, Vmax), and intrinsic clearance (CLint) of oxymorphone and noroxycodone formation were determined. Inhibition Kis for xylazine, diazepam, and etizolam were assessed. Inhibition of oxycodone and dextromethorphan (probe substrate) metabolite formation by selective P450- and test-inhibitors was investigated. Key Results: Km values of oxymorphone (75 μM) and noroxycodone (74 μM) formation were similar. The Vmax of noroxycodone formation (1235 pmol/min/mg) was higher than oxymorphone (354 pmol/min/mg), leading to three times higher CLint of noroxycodone. Xylazine and etizolam were competitive inhibitors of oxymorphone (Ki = 0.5 and 9.5 μM, respectively) and noroxycodone (Ki = 2.6 and 14.6 μM, respectively) formation, while diazepam was a competitive inhibitor of oxymorphone formation (Ki = 3.7 μM) and a mixed inhibitor of noroxycodone formation (Ki = 8.3 μM). Xylazine, diazepam, and etizolam, as well selective P450-inhibitors, were confirmed to inhibit both CYP2D- and CYP3A-mediated pathways in rat liver microsomes. Methamphetamine was a moderate inhibitor of oxymorphone formation, and weak inhibitor of noroxycodone formation. Conclusion and Implications: Xylazine, diazepam, and etizolam are potent inhibitors of the formation of both primary oxycodone metabolites and leading to potential drug-drug interactions. Further, xylazine, diazepam, and etizolam could inhibit both CYP2D- and CYP3A-mediated pathways, leading to potentially altered drug metabolism of other opioids and substrates.

Background Single-lead ECG devices may allow detection and diagnosis of cardiac rhythms. However, data on their accuracy for detecting cardiac arrhythmias beyond atrial fibrillation are limited. Objectives To determine the accuracy of the AliveCor KardiaMobile (AC; AliveCor Inc, Mountain View, CA) for the diagnosis of arrhythmias against gold standard cardiac electrophysiology study (EPS). Methods Patients undergoing clinically indicated EPS underwent simultaneous rhythms recording with an infraclavicular-placed AC, standard 12-lead ECG and EP catheters for intracardiac electrograms. Rhythms recorded during EPS were classified based on electrogram, 12-lead ECG and clinical findings. Blinded reviewers provided differential diagnoses for the single-lead AC tracings; a separate reviewer compared diagnoses made between the AC tracings and EPS findings. Results From 49 patients, 843 cardiac rhythms were captured during 502 AC recordings. Analysis of tracings containing sinus rhythm (n=273) returned overall accuracy of 92%, with sensitivity and specificity values of 93% and 92%, respectively. Accuracy for tracings per rhythm were atrial fibrillation 91% (n=51); supraventricular tachycardia accuracy was 89% (n=191), ventricular tachycardia 91% (n=198), ventricular fibrillation 98% (n=11), asystole 100% (n=5). Accuracy for supraventricular ectopy was 93% (n=28) and premature ventricular complexes was 91% (n=86). Overall accuracy was 94% for uninterrupted rhythms and 93% in tracings from patients with baseline bundle branch block. Conclusions When compared against the gold standard EPS diagnosis, interpretation of arrhythmias recorded by an AliveCor single-lead ECG device had reasonable diagnostic accuracy.

Title: Leadless Pacemakers in Post Operative Patients: Is It Time For the New to Become the Normal?Invited Editorial: Manuscript ID JCE-23-0567.R2Tyler P. Rasmussen, MD, PhD and E. Michael Powers, MD, MBAUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineDivision of Cariology, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology200 Hawkins Dr.Iowa City, IA 52242Edward-powers@uiowa.eduMerchant et al. describe a single center retrospective analysis of leadless pacemaker (LP) implant following cardiac surgery or transcatheter valvular procedures that highlights the performance of LPs when implanted in patients with atrioventricular block (AVB) and either high risk features for conventional transvenous pacing or permanent atrial fibrillation (1). LPs performed well with a limited number of patients (7%) requiring conversion to transvenous pacing and only a single procedural complication. However, there was a statistically significant decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the overall cohort. When subgroup analysis was performed, LVEF decline was only seen in those implanted with VVI devices but not in patients with VDD devices. Here, we discuss implications of this study.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is now more common than surgical AVR but carries a greater risk of high degree atrioventricular block (AVB) (~10%) (2,3). Cardiac surgery has been linked to a 1-3% risk of permanent pacemaker implantation with higher rates in patients undergoing valve replacement (4). Therefore, the number of patients at risk for AVB related to cardiac surgery and catheter-based valve interventions is increasing over time and warrants a critical evaluation of optimal pacing strategy.Longitudinal registry data show that Micra (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) LPs have fewer required reinterventions and chronic complications compared to conventional transvenous pacing systems (5). Furthermore, mortality is comparable despite being implanted in patients with higher rates of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and medical complexity (5). LPs greatly outperform transvenous systems with respect to device related infections, as the rate of infection in LPs is trivial both short and long term (5,6). The risk of pacing induced cardiomyopathy (LVEF drop ≥ 10%) in pacemaker dependent patients is suggested to be equivalent or lower in those implanted with an LP (3%) versus those with a transvenous system (~13%) (7). A major drawback to the use of LPs is their inability to provide atrial pacing, which typically limits their use to patients without sinus node dysfunction.The current paper demonstrates that the use of LPs is a viable strategy in post-operative patients. Their cohort included 50 patients having undergone cardiac surgery and 28 with a transcatheter valvular procedure (1). Of the 28 transcatheter procedures, 25 were TAVI. Factors prompting an LP implant versus transvenous were permanent AF, ESRD, tricuspid valve pathology, history of endovascular infection, and dermatological disease. Mean time from surgery to device implant was 7.3 ± 8.0 days, which suggests an adequate waiting period for AV conduction recovery in most circumstances. The only complication in the cohort (1.3%) was an access site hematoma requiring evacuation. Device parameters were stable at follow-up with a small but clinically insignificant decline in impedance and trivial rise in threshold, which is consistent with previously published data regarding Micra (6). The two major findings were that the pacing burden declined significantly in the follow-up period and that there was a significant reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in this cohort. Pacing percentages fell from mean 75% at implant to mean 48% at follow-up. The reduction in pacing burden suggests that many patients have late recovery in AV conduction post procedure. There was a drop in LVEF from baseline (55.0% ± 10.6%) versus follow-up (51.5% ± 11.2%, p =< 0.001), but this study is not designed to determine if the LVEF drop is because of the Micra or another unidentifiable factor. Importantly, the drop in LVEF was significant in the Micra VR group: baseline (54.1% ± 11.9%) versus follow-up (48.8% ± 11.9%, p = 0.003) but not in the Micra AV group: baseline (56.1 ± 9.0%) versus (54.6% ± 9.7%, p = 0.06). The only patient characteristic that was associated with a significant drop in LVEF (> 10%) versus those with stable EF was having a prior history of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Taken together, this study showed that both Micra AV and VR can provide safe RV pacing in post-operative patients with a small, but significant risk for LVEF reduction that is likely linked to right ventricular pacing.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes loss of neural connections in the cells, and brain tissue volume. The disease first affects the hippocampus and entorhinal complex, which produce memories, then the cerebral cortex, which controls language, logic, and social conduct. Genetic mutations and environmental factors may cause AD, but the exact reason is unknown. AD is diagnosed using CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and lumbar punctures to detect brain abnormalities, aberrant protein deposits, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles impede neuronal transmission and function in AD. AD also causes chronic inflammation, blood-brain barrier impairment, brain atrophy, and neuronal death. AD has no cure, and current medications mainly manage symptoms and halt cognitive loss. Genetic, cellular, and molecular pathways are being studied to develop targeted medicines to stop disease progression. Extensive studies have shown that tau tangle accumulation and pathogenic changes to tau protein mechanics are correlated with AD pathogenesis. Thus, investigating the potential for therapies focused on restoring normal tau pathways and preventing tau accumulation is critical. Nanoparticulate drug delivery technologies may improve investigational medicines and lead to AD therapy breakthroughs.

Background: Deprescribing, a process of dose reduction or withdrawal of inappropriate medication that no longer has benefit, is a proposed intervention in the care of older adults living with frailty. Objective/Aim: To evaluate safety, clinical impact, and long-term outcomes of deprescribing services in frail patients, including the barriers and enablers of deprescribing services in such settings. Methods: A systematic review was performed in Scopus, CINAHL PLUS (EBSCO), MEDLINE (OVID and EMBASE) and Cochrane library. The Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT) was used for appraising the methodological quality of the included papers. Studies were selected after title, abstract, and full text screening, with independent review. Thematic analysis was used for analysing data from the selected articles. Results: 590 unique titles were identified, with 9 (6 trials, 1 interview, 1 survey, and 1 designed-delay study) meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five mains descriptive themes have been identified: barriers, enablers, deprescribing services in frailty, safety management and deprescribing outcomes. Conclusion: This study provides limited evidence that deprescribing services in frail patients are effective in reducing the number of potentially inappropriate medications and medication costs. To further improve deprescribing in frailty, clinicians should consider a customised safety plan and benefit/risk assessment for each patient.

Background and Purpose: Drug repurposing has potential to improve the care for treatment resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We hypothesised that broadly targeting PARP for drug repurposing would elicit cytotoxic responses in HGSOC through multiple biological processes. Experimental Approach: in-silico ligand-based virtual screening BLAZE was used to identify drugs with potential PARP-binding activity. The list was refined by dosing and known cytotoxicity, lipophilicity, teratogenicity, and side effects. The highest ranked drug, efavirenz, progressed to in vitro testing. Eight HGSOC cell lines were used to determine the IC50 for efavirenz. To determine the cytotoxic effects of efavirenz in a more physiologically relevant model, 3D hydrogel-encapsulated models of HGSOC and patient-derived organoid models of HGSOC were established. Live-cell imaging was employed to quantify apoptosis and cell death. Western blots, cell cycle analysis and PARP activity assays were performed to determine whether PARP1 enzyme expression and activity was inhibited following efavirenz treatment. Key Results: IC50 for efavirenz was 25.02-46.28µM for cells grown in 2D. After 7 days, IC50 doses of efavirenz reduced cell confluency and induced cell death and apoptosis. IC50 values for efavirenz in 3D models were higher ranging from 27.8-55.11µM, and in four HGSOC patient-derived organoids ranged from 14.52-42.27µM. Interestingly, COV362 cells that have a BRCA1 mutation and HRD, displayed the highest IC50 to efavirenz in both 2D and 3D models. The percentage of cells in sub-G1 and G1 phase increased after 35µM and 45µM doses of efavirenz, indicating an increase in stalling in G1. Conclusions and Implications: Efavirenz may be a viable therapeutic option for HGSOC independent of HRD

Pediatric cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with γδ immunophenotype is extremely rare. Only a few cases of γδ T-cell neoplasm have been reported in the literature and therefore little is known whether γδ T-cell neoplasms in children are distinct from their adult counterparts with respect to the clinicopathological presentation, behavior and prognosis. In this study, we demonstrate three unique cases with increased γδ T-cells in malignant and non-malignant skin conditions of children. All cases showed an indolent clinical course. Full integration of clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype, and genetics supports the correct diagnosis and guides the treatment.

In response to the demand for battery packages in electric vehicles (EVs), a charging system with constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) two-stage output characteristics should be designed and implemented. This paper proposes an inductive power transfer (IPT) system with a double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation network connected with a series variable inductor (VI) on the secondary side. An IPT prototype with a transfer distance of 150mm and an output power of 3kW is built. In addition, within the set misalignment range, A constant current output mode of 7.85A and a constant voltage output mode of 400V can be achieved successively, avoiding adding DC/DC converters. The experimental results show that the energy transfer efficiency reaches 87.9% with the alignment of the magnetic coupling mechanism.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) typically leads to cervical cancer, skin related cancers and many other tumors. HPV is mainly responsible for evading immune tumor monitoring in HPV related cancers. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are particular pattern recognition molecules. When the body is facing immune danger, it can lead to innate and direct adaptive immunity. TLR plays an important role in initiating antiviral immune responses. HPV can affect the expression level of TLR and interfere with TLR related signaling pathways, resulting in sustained viral infection and even carcinogenesis. This paper introduces the HPV virus and HPV related cancers. We discussed the present comprehension of TLR, its expression and signaling, as well as its role in HPV infection. We also provided a detailed introduction to immunotherapy methods for HPV related diseases based on TLR agonists. This will provide insights into methods that support the therapeutic method of HPV related conditions with TLR agonists.

A document by Hiba J. Mustafa. Click on the document to view its contents.

Context: In Colombia, the digital procedures carried out by a citizen must comply with a series of regulations and requirements. Problem: As a result, the implementation of these procedures can be very cumbersome and time-consuming. Proposal: Instead of using traditional development approaches, our proposal consists of (1) modeling the processes using BPMN - Business Process Modeling and Notation, (2) automatically generating the user interfaces so that they comply with the presentation and usability requirements established by Colombian regulations, and (3) managing the execution of the processes using a BPMS - Business Process Management System engine. Methodology: We followed the Design Science Research to develop a solution following the feedback of users and developers. Implementation: We performed an implementation using Camunda BPMS, Angular and .NET. Lessons Learned: The Camunda engine and its API met the requirements for modeling, implementing and controlling the digital procedures; however, special attention must be done to data definition (names, rules, type, etc.) and the process model design itself. Former can generate data quality problems and latter can produce unnecesary complex business process models. Conclusions: We note an acceleration in the digitization of the procedure used, because the flow of activities rested easily in the BPM engine and we were able to focus on developing the interface generator (complying the government requirements).