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Water-saving irrigation practices reduces greenhouse gas emission intensity in double...
zhongdu chen
fu chen

zhongdu chen

and 1 more

March 18, 2020
The development of water-saving irrigation strategies is crucial because of the increasing demand on water resources. There is a need to improve our understanding of water use strategies that save water and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without causing yield losses in paddy soil. The current study was carried out to examine the net global warming potential (NGWP) and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI) based on net GHG emissions calculations, including soil organic carbon (SOC) change and indirect emissions (IE). The experiment was carried out under flood irrigation (FI), shallow irrigation (SI), and intermittent irrigation (II) conditions. The results showed that average double rice yields under SI and II were significantly higher than those under FI by 4.5% and 12.2%, respectively, but without significantly difference at annual mean SOC sequestration rate (0-30 cm) over 2 years among the three irrigation regimes. Compared to FI, the annual methane (CH4) emissions decreased by 34% and 45% under SI and II irrigation regimes, respectively. In contrast, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under the SI and II increased by 27% and 50%, respectively. IE were nearly the same among the three irrigation regimes, with fertilizer use as the top contributor, and followed the order FI > SI > II. The NGWP and NGHGI respectively decreased by 40% and 45% under II compared to those under FI. In conclusion, water-saving irrigation strategies, especially the II practice, are an effective choice that can simultaneously achieve great success in saving water, increasing rice production, and reducing GHG emissions.
Detecting the short term impact of soil and water conservation practices from incompl...
Liya Weldegebriel
Mikaela Kruskopf

Liya Weldegebriel

and 3 more

March 18, 2020
Efforts to tackle land degradation worldwide have spurred the adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices intended to reduce surface runoff and erosion. Despite their widespread implementation, missing or incomplete monitoring remains a pervasive problem preventing evaluation of how well SWC practices meet these aims. Key metrics to evaluate SWC efficacy are the production of flow per unit rainfall (runoff ratio), and exported sediment (sediment concentration). We develop a method to assess changes in these metrics in the absence of a flow rating curve, using more complete and reliable measurements of stage (flow depth). We apply these methods to incomplete monitoring datasets collected from five watersheds included in the Tana and Beles Integrated Water Resource Development Project (TBIWRDP) in the Abay (Blue Nile) basin, Ethiopia. Changes in runoff ratio and sediment concentration relative to the first year of treatment varied by season. In the long wet season (Kiremt) that generates most runoff and erosion, reductions in runoff ratio occurred in three watersheds, and reductions in sediment concentration in four watersheds. Reductions in the runoff ratio were directly proportional to the areal density of SWC treatments in the watersheds, suggesting that SWC treatments were effective in controlling runoff and erosion. We suggest that stage and sediment concentration information can be used to assess watershed responses to SWC treatments. Focusing on these relatively robust measurements, may facilitate the design of reliable and affordable monitoring programs, and ultimately facilitate improved financing approaches based on reasonable estimates of likely SWC practice performance.
Peri-operative Management of Patients on New Oral Anticoagulants
Mohammad Fawad Khattak

Mohammad Fawad Khattak

March 19, 2020
Anticoagulants are used in the treatment and prevention of thromboembolism. The most common indications for long-term anticoagulation with warfarin are atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves and venous thromboembolism. A number of anticoagulants are available, including unfractioned heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and the vitamin K antagonists; warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenindione. These anticoagulants have been used for many years, and at present most people who require an anticoagulant are prescribed warfarin.However, recent national guidelines have recommended the use of New oral anticoagulants(NOAC) in certain circumstances. The new oral anticoagulants; rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban have all completed phase III clinical trials for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and many countries, including the United Kingdom, have approved the use of the new oral anticoagulants for the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.This report aims to look at the peri-operative management of patient using the NOACs.
Surface-ground water interactions in numerical simulation: coupling strategies and te...
Arefin  Haque
Amgad Salama

Arefin Haque

and 4 more

March 18, 2020
Numerical simulation on groundwater is critical for water resources management. Much research has been conducted in the past using different techniques. Groundwater and surface water should not be treated as isolated components, but rather as interconnected constituents. The interaction between surface and ground water is complex and has never been fully understood. A clear understanding of fundamentals between surface and ground water is essential to conduct groundwater simulation. A comprehensive framework is needed to incorporate physical mechanisms with mathematical models for describing the surface-groundwater interactions. In the present review, up to date coupling strategies and techniques are summarized and compared. Detailed domain models and domain integrated models are reviewed respectively. The advantages and limitations of each technique, including fully coupled scheme and loosely coupled scheme, are presented. The available software using each coupling strategy are listed from previous research. The review will serve as a guidance for future numerical simulation on surface and groundwater interactions.
A new view of water dynamics on germinating diaspores: physiological perspectives fro...
João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira
Marli Ranal

João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira

and 2 more

March 18, 2020
We demonstrated that classical biophysical measurements of water dynamics on germinating diaspores can improve the understanding of the germination process in a simpler, safer and newer way. This was done using diaspores of cultivated species as a biological model. To calculate the water dynamics measurements (weighted mass, initial diffusion coefficient, velocity and acceleration) we used the mass of diaspores recorded over germination time. Weighted mass of germinating diaspores has a similar pattern, independent of the physiological quality, species or genetic improvement degree. However, initial diffusion coefficient (related to imbibition per se), velocity and acceleration (related to the whole germination metabolism) are influenced by species characters, highlighting the degree of genetic improvement and physiological quality. Changes in the inflection of velocity curves demonstrated each phase of germination sensu stricto. There is no pattern related to the number of these phases, which could range between three and six. Regression models can demonstrate initial velocity and velocity increments for each phase, giving an idea of management of germinative metabolism. Our finds demonstrated that germination is a polyphasic process with a species-specific pattern, but still set by the degree of genetic improvement and (or) physiological quality of diaspores. Among the biophysical measurements, velocity has the greatest potential to define the germination metabolism
Exploring The Potential Impact of Pharmaceutical Care Plan on High Sensitivity C-reac...
eman casper
lamiaa el-wakeel

eman casper

and 3 more

March 18, 2020
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of clinical pharmacist services addition to cardiac rehabilitation program, on high sensitivity C-reactive protein and echocardiographic parameters. Methods: The study was a prospective; randomized, controlled study. A total of 40 post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation program were randomly allocated to either the control group (n = 20) or the clinical pharmacist-provided services group (n = 20). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVEDV) and ejection fraction (EF%) were compared between both groups at baseline and after 3 months. Results: After three months of follow-up, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the percent change of hsCRP, LVESV and LVEDV compared to the control group. However, there was no statistical difference in the percent change of ejection fraction between both groups. Conclusion: Addition of clinical pharmacist services to cardiac rehabilitation program had resulted in marked decrease in hs-CRP, LVESV and LVEDV. Understanding the impact of the clinical pharmacist-provided services in post-ACS patients may encourage clinical implementation of this model in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
ABA signaling in regulation of mesophyll conductance in tomato during progressive soi...
Shuang Li
Junming Liu

Shuang Li

and 5 more

March 18, 2020
Objectives of this study were to clarify the involvement of root to shoot ABA in regulation of leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) during progressive soil drought, and to investigate its impact on leaf photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) in pot-planted tomato. A fast-stomatal closure was related to decrease of Ψleaf in the early stage of soil drought, whereas gm kept unchanged until ABAxylem synchronously increased at threshold of relative soil water content (RSWC) decreasing from 51.43 to 44.69%. This out-of-step response between gs and gm resulted in an increase of gm/gs ratio and potentially improved WUEi during RSWC decreased from 51.43 to 40.16%. Meanwhile, gs and gm declined logarithmically with increasing xylem sap ABA concentration (p<0.01). The sensitivity of gm response to root to shoot ABA signaling, even though less than gs, played a key role in regulation of CO2 diffusion into the chloroplast as soil drying proceeded. gs mainly limited leaf photosynthesis with RSWC in range of 51.43 to 40.16%, and relative contribution of gm limitation exceed that of gs limitation as soil further dried. These results provided new understanding of ABA in the regulation of gm and WUEi in response to drought stress.
Endothelium-derived dopamine modulates EFS-induced contractions of human umbilical ve...
José Britto-Júnior
David  Pinheiro

José Britto-Júnior

and 10 more

March 18, 2020
Background and purpose: Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induces contractions of both snake aorta and human umbilical cord vessels (HUCV) which were dependent on the presence of the endothelium. This study aimed to establish the nature of the mediator(s) responsible for EFS-induced contractions in HUCV. Experimental approach: Rings with or without endothelium from human umbilical artery (HUA) or vein (HUV) were mounted in organ bath chambers containing oxygenated, heated Krebs-Henseleit’s solution. Basal release of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured by LC-MS-MS. Cumulative dose-response curves were performed with dopamine in the absence and in the presence of L-NAME or of dopamine antagonists. EFS studies were performed in the presence and absence L-NAME, the alpha-adrenergic blockers prazosin and idazoxan and the dopamine antagonists SCH-23390 and haloperidol. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa-decarboxylase (DDC) were studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridizations. Key Results: Basal release of dopamine requires an intact endothelium in both HUA and HUV. TH and DDC are present only in the endothelium of both HUA and HUV as determined by immunohistochemistry. Dopamine induced contractions in HUA only in the presence of L-NAME. Dopamine-induced contractions in HUV were strongly potentiated by L-NAME. The EFS-induced contractions in both HUA and HUV were potentiated by L-NAME and inhibited by the D2-like receptor antagonist haloperidol. The α-adrenergic antagonists prazosin and idazoxan and the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 had no effect on the EFS-induced contractions of HUA and HUV. Conclusion and Implications: Endothelium-derived dopamine is a major modulator of HUCV reactivity in vitro.
RECURRENT ECTOPIC PREGNANCY ON TUBAL REMNANT, AFTER IPSILATERAL SALPINGECTOMY, TREATE...
Stefano Restaino
Annalisa Vidiri

Stefano Restaino

and 5 more

March 18, 2020
Ipsilateral ectopic pregnancy on tubal remnant after salpingectomy is rare and it is associated with mortality rates higher than other ectopic pregnancies. We present a case of a 38-years-old patient, gravida 4, nulliparous woman, with two spontaneous abortions and a previous right salpingectomy for a tubal pregnancy, that was referred to our hospital at 4+5 weeks of gestation for pelvic pain and spotting. After a confirmed diagnosis of recurrent ectopic pregnancy on tubal remnant, she performed a laparoscopy with removal of the right tubal remnant with the pregnancy, using for the first time in literature the Endoloop ligature.
Cardinal role of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in neuronal death : implicati...
Sonam Gupta
Sarika Singh

Sonam Gupta

and 1 more

March 18, 2020
Background and purpose - In spite of decades research the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not yet well defined. The present study was conducted to assess the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in progressive dopaminergic neuronal death. Experimental approach - The investigation was done employing experimental rat model of parkinsonism and utilizing various interventions (YM08, 4µ8C, AEBSF, salubrinal, ursolic acid) of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. The mRNA and protein level of ER stress related signaling factors (GRP78, IRE1α, ATF6, eIF2α, ATF4, XBP-1, GADD153) were estimated along with various biochemical alterations (reactive oxygen species generation, levels of nitrite level, intracellular calcium, mitochondrial membrane potential), neuronal morphology and neuronal apoptosis after 3 and 7 day of experiment initiation. Key results - Findings with single administration of interventions showed that salubrinal exhibited significant protection against rotenone induced alterations in ER stress related signaling factors in comparison to other interventions. Therefore, further study was expanded with repeat dose of salubrinal. Rotenone administration in rat brain caused the dose dependent progressive neuronal death which was significantly attenuated with salubrinal treatment involving its diverse effects on altered levels of various ER stress related signaling factors and altered biochemical parameters. Conclusion and implications - Findings showed that rotenone administration induced PD pathology involve the dose dependent progressive neuronal death including various biochemical alterations with critical role of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, suggesting the potential pharmacological utilization of salubrinal or salubrinal like molecule in therapeutics of Parkinson’s diseases.
Fusion peptide-mediated siRNA delivery using self-assembled nano-complex
Yeong Chae  Ryu
Kyungah Kim

Yeong Chae Ryu

and 4 more

March 18, 2020
Gene therapy using siRNA can be a new potent strategy to treat many incurable diseases, including cancer and viral infection, at the genetic level. Therapies using siRNA essentially need an efficient and safe method of siRNA delivery into cells while maintaining the stability of the siRNA. Here, we designed new fusion peptides of SPACE and oligo arginine. Fusion peptides formed uniform self-assembled nano-complexes without additional reactions. Moreover, siRNAs were stable in nano-complexes for four days in 10% fetal bovine serum. Cellular uptake efficiency of each complex was similar or higher than that of commercialized available Lipofectamine™ 2000. GAPDH-siRNA/peptide complex knock GAPDH mRNA down similar to that mediated by Lipofectamine™ 2000. The increase of arginine residues in fusion peptides induced higher siRNA stability, which enhanced GAPDH knockdown. Co-localization and cellular internalization of siRNA/S-R15 complexes were verified peripherally around the nucleus. The endocytosis pathway of the siRNA/S-R15 complex was identified via lipid-raft mediated endocytosis. Besides, the biosafety of each fusion peptide was proven under a particular concentration. Therefore, a safe and stable self-assembled complex could be expected to deliver siRNA into cells efficiently for the treatment of many diseases.
Industrial Waste based Bio-manufacturing of Synthetic Tandem Repeat Protein Fibers
tarek mazeed
huihun jung

tarek mazeed

and 5 more

March 18, 2020
Protein-based fibers are lightweight, biodegradable, have excellent moisture and temperature regulation, and exceptional mechanical properties, but they are limited in production capacity. Biosynthetic protein-based fibers have the potential to overcome these concerns, but large-scale production with high yield (>1g/L) and purity (>%80), as well as low cost (<$50/kg), must be achieved. Here we developed an optimized expression and purification method for biosynthetic tandem repeat proteins, that are inspired from squid ring tooth (SRT) protein using three wet-waste feedstock, corn steep liquor, molasses, and soybean extract. SRT is composed of a highly stiff, naturally occurring bioplastic and these properties arise from the molecular architecture of the constituant proteins, which are segmented co-polymers with alternating semicrystalline and amorphous domains similar to silk. We have developed protocols to use liquid industrial and agricultural waste as feedstock for SRT production, which has the potential to divert waste streams into useful products. We also show that our biosynthetic protein powder, produced at 1 g/L yield and greater than 80% purity, can be manufactured into fibers using conventional split film or wet-spinning approaches.
Forest stand biomass and NPP models sensitive to winter temperature and annual precip...
Vladimir Usoltsev
Walery Zukow

Vladimir Usoltsev

and 3 more

March 18, 2020
Forest ecosystems, as sinks of atmospheric carbon, play an important role in reducing CO2 emissions and preventing annual temperatures from rising. On the other hand, climate change entails changes in the structure and functions of all the biota, including forest cover. Therefore, we attempted to model Betula spp. ecosystem biomass and annual net primary production (NPP) (t ha-1) using the data from 650 forest stands for biomass, 245 for NPP and biomass, as well as climate data on the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients. The model involves regional peculiarities of age and morphology of the forests. It is found that the reaction of birch biomass and NPP structure on temperature and precipitation corresponds to the principle of limiting factors by Liebig-Shelford but in different proportions for different species. Since the minimum values of biomass and NPP occur in regions with minimum precipitation and minimum temperature, these two factors are limiting in terms of biomass and NPP of birches. The same phenomenon is typical for firs, partly typical for spruces and very differ for larches and pines. The development of such models for basic forest-forming species grown in Eurasia will give possibility to predict any changes in the biological productivity of forest cover of Eurasia in relation to climate change.
Response to: A commentary on “A Vietnamese human genetic variation database”
Vinh Le
Kien Tran

Vinh Le

and 2 more

March 18, 2020
This letter is a response to the commentary by Jonson & Do (Johnson and Do 2020) on our paper, entitled “A Vietnamese human genetic variation database” (Vinh et al. 2019). The commentators concerned about two issues: Firstly, the relation of Southeast Asian (SEA) and East Asian (EA) groups to African and European groups; Secondly, the history of migration and settlement in Southeast Asia. Our responses will clarify both concerns from the commentators.
Stable isotope and hydrochemistry reveal source and quality of groundwater around Qin...
Dongsheng Li
Buli Cui

Dongsheng Li

and 4 more

March 18, 2020
The integrated use of isotopic and hydrochemical tracers is an effective approach for investigating complex hydrological processes of groundwater. Thorough understanding of recharge and quality of the groundwater is usually a prerequisite for effective groundwater management. This study investigated the water level, stable isotope and hydrochemistry of groundwater around the Qinghai Lake to reveal the recharge sources, hydrochemical evolution and water quality of groundwater. The relative altitudes of groundwater level ranged from -1.27 to 122.91 m with hydraulic gradient ranging from -6.20 to 43.14‰relative to the water level of Qinghai Lake, indicating most of the groundwater was flowing into the lake. Most of the groundwater points lay close to the local meteoric water line, and the slope of Local Evaporation Line of groundwater (LEL: δ2H = 6.08 δ18O-3.01) was lower than the slopes of the LMWL, indicating that the groundwater were recharged primarily from precipitation at different altitude in the basin, though it had undergone varying degrees of evaporation. The hydrochemical analysis showed that the groundwater was mainly freshwater and its hydrochemical type was Ca-Mg-HCO3. The groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by carbonate dissolution around Qinghai Lake. Furthermore, high TDS and high concentrations of Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, or SO42- in several groundwater were caused by the recharge source of lake water, the recharge source of fissure water, or by the dissolution of evaporite. The main sources of nitrate (NO3-) in groundwater around Qinghai Lake were animal feces and sewage, suggesting that the pollution of groundwater should be paid more attention in animal husbandry areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, although the industrial and urbanization rates were relative low on the plateau. The scientific planning and engineering management of livestock manure and wastewater discharge in animal husbandry regions are very necessary to be carried out urgently, which could not only protect water resources for drinking, but also contribute to human health and sustainable development of the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The Spatio- Temporal dynamics of Land Use Land Cover Change and its Impact on Soil Er...
Tadele Melese

Tadele Melese

March 18, 2020
Blue Nile basin is one of the hotspots of soil erosion areas in Ethiopia. However, there impact of land use changes on soil erosion is poorly understood in the Tagaw areas. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the impact of land use land cover changes on soil erosion over the last 31 years. Rainfall, soil, satellite images and pographic data were acquired from field survey and secondary sources. Land use change analysis was conducted using supervised classification based on four different satellite images. In addition, Revised Universal Soil Loss model was used to estimate soil erosion. The study shows the watershed was predominantly covered by farm land (22%), bare land (17.8%), built up (22%), grassland (9.7%), marshland (8.8%), shrub land (12.4%) and forest (6.7%) in 2016. Moreover, the mean annual soil losses of the watershed were 19.3, 22.93 and 26 tons/ha/yr for the 1995, 2006 and 2016 respectively. The total soil losses varied from 0.06-503.56, 0.11-516.67, and 0.00-543.5 tons/ha/yr. for the year 1995, 2006 and 2016 respectively. The highest soil loss was found for bare land. The RUSLE model further showed that the highest soil erosion occurred in 2016 whereas the lowest soil erosion was occurred in 1995. Most of the land use changes (36%) occurred on farmland (36.1%), shrub land (-52.4%), built up (50.9%), and bare land areas (31.6%) due to rapid population growth and inappropriate farming practices. To conclude, there is a significant impact of land use land cover change on soil erosion in Tagaw watershed.
Uncommon southwest swells trigger sea urchin disease outbreaks in Eastern Atlantic ar...
José Carlos Hernández
Carlos Sangil

José Carlos Hernández

and 2 more

March 18, 2020
Recurrent sea urchin mass mortality has recently affected eastern Atlantic populations of the barren-forming sea urchin Diadema africanum. This new episode of die-off affords the opportunity to determine common meteorological and oceanographic conditions that may promote disease outbreaks. The population dynamics of this sea urchin species are well known—urchin barrens have persisted for many decades along most of the coastlines off the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvages and the Canary Islands, where they limit macroalgae biomass growth. However, this new and explosive mortality event decimated the sea urchin population by 93% on Tenerife and La Palma Islands. Two severe episodes of southwestern rough sea that lead to winter storms, in February 2010 (Xynthia) and February 2018 (Emma), preceded both mass mortality events. The autumn and winter months of those years were anomalous and characterized by swells with an average wave height above 2 m that hit the south and southwest sides of the islands. The amoeba Paramoeba brachiphila was the only pathogen isolated this time from the moribund and dead sea urchins, suggesting that the amoeba was the primary cause of the mortality. This new sea urchin die-off event supports the “killer-storm” hypothesis that has been already described for western Atlantic coasts. These anomalous southwest storms during winters generate pronounced underwater sediment movement and large-scale vertical mixing, detected in local tide gauge, which may promote paramoebiasis. This study presents valuable insights about climate-mediated changes in disease frequency and its impacts on the future of coastal marine ecosystems in the Atlantic.
The role of introgression and ecotypic parallelism in delineating intra-specific cons...
Rebecca Taylor
Micheline Manseau

Rebecca Taylor

and 5 more

March 18, 2020
Parallel evolution can occur through novel mutations, standing genetic variation, or adaptive introgression. Uncovering parallelism and introgressed populations can complicate management of threatened species, particularly as admixed populations are not generally considered under conservation legislations. We examined high coverage whole-genome sequences of 30 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from across North America and Greenland, representing divergent intra-specific lineages, to investigate parallelism and levels of introgression contributing to the formation of ecotypes. Caribou are split into four subspecies and 11 extant conservation units, known as Designatable Units (DUs), in Canada. Using genomes from all four subspecies and six DUs, we undertake demographic reconstruction and confirm two previously inferred instances of parallel evolution in the woodland subspecies and uncover an additional instance of parallelism of the eastern migratory ecotype. Detailed investigations reveal introgression in the woodland subspecies, with introgressed regions found spread throughout the genomes encompassing both neutral and functional sites. Our comprehensive investigations using whole genomes highlight the difficulties in unequivocally demonstrating parallelism through adaptive introgression in non-model species with complex demographic histories, with standing variation and introgression both potentially involved. Additionally, the impact of parallelism and introgression on the designation of conservation units has not been widely considered, and the caribou designations will need amending in light of our results. Uncovering and decoupling parallelism and differential patterns of introgression will become prevalent with the availability of comprehensive genomic data from non-model species, and we highlight the need to incorporate this into conservation unit designations.
Mecânica Clássica: Sistemas de Coordenadas e Referenciais
Mario Cezar Bertin

Mario Cezar Bertin

September 24, 2020
Sistemas referenciaisVamos relembrar os dois primeiros postulados:Postulado 1: A posição de uma partícula consiste em um elemento (ou ponto) do espaço euclidiano tridimensional \(\mathbb{R}^3\).Postulado 2: A distância entre duas partículas de posições \(x\equiv\left(x_1,x_2,x_3\right)\) \(y\equiv\left(y_1,y_2,y_3\right)\) é dada pela métrica euclidiana\[\label{metrica}D\left(x,y\right)=\sqrt{\left(y_1-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-x_2\right)^2+\left(y_3-x_3\right)^2}.\]Estes dois postulados estabelecem o mapeamento da estrutura física da mecânica clássica na estrutura matemática do espaço cartesiano com a métrica euclidiana. Os espaços euclidianos, em si, possuem estruturas complexas que, ao menos em parte, devemos apreciar. E a escolha da métrica euclidiana, como já dissemos, é uma escolha empírica; parece ser uma propriedade dos sistemas mecânicos que as distâncias sejam calculadas pelo teorema de Pitágoras.Duas são as características de \(\mathbb{R}^3\) que são fundamentais para a mecânica clássica: A geometria euclidiana é homogênea e isotrópica;O espaço \(\mathbb{R}^3\) é, em si, um espaço vetorial.Nesta aula, vamos abordar essas características.Sistemas de coordenadas Em espaços métricos, como no caso do espaço euclidiano, podemos definir sistemas de coordenadas. O exemplo mais simples no caso de  \(\mathbb{R}^3\) é o sistema de coordenadas cartesiano (fig. \ref{146774}), que consiste em uma origem e três eixos cartesianos reais. Cada eixo cartesiano representa uma reta real e cada ponto é representado por uma trinca ordenada de números reais \(\left(x,y,z\right)\). Por vezes também utilizaremos a notação \(\left(x_1,x_2,x_3\right)\). As coordenadas da origem são, naturalmente,  \(\left(0,0,0\right)\) .
Synthesis of Novel Hyperbranched Alkyd Resin from Castor Oil Fatty Amide Polyol and A...
AMARDIP PATIL

AMARDIP PATIL

March 18, 2020
Abstract A novel hyperbranched alkyd resin has been synthesized using pyrometallic anhydride and castor oil based fatty amide polyol. The chemical properties (acid and hydroxyl values) of the synthesized fatty amide polyol and hyperbranched have been determined. The polyurethanes obtained from hyperbranched alkyd resins were used for coating applications on mild steel and wood. The synthesized hyperbranched alkyd resin was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, NMR, and FTIR. Performance of cured polyurethane coatings in terms of cross cut adhesion, impact resistance, gloss, scratch hardness, and chemical resistance has been studied. The electrochemical properties were studied by potentiostat. The thermal properties of the coatings were determined by thermogravemetric analyzer. Surface morphology of coating films was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Keywords: Hyperbranched alkyd resin, castor oil, fatty amide polyol, polyurethane, coating
Optimal Transmission Expansion Planning considering Distributed Generations by using...
Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti
kabalci

Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti

and 1 more

December 15, 2020
Reconstructing power systems has changed the traditional planning of power systems and has raised new challenges in transmission expansion planning (TEP). In this paper, investment cost, cost of density and dependability have been considered three objectives of optimization. Also, multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGAII was used to solve this non-convex and mixed integer problem. A fuzzy decision method has been used to choose the final optimal answer from the Pareto solutions obtained from NSGAII. Moreover, to confirm the efficiency of NSGAII multi-objective genetic algorithm in solving TEP problem, the algorithm was implemented in an IEEE 24 bus system and the gained results were compared with previous works in this field.  
Studio e ottimizzazione dei sistemi strumentali automatici (IOMS) per il controllo de...
Rocco Antonio Battaglia

Rocco Antonio Battaglia

April 20, 2020
Gli odori rappresentano uno degli elementi di disturbo maggiormente avvertito dalla popolazione e risultano essere la causa predominante dei conflitti nei confronti delle aziende che li diffondo in area ambiente. Nonostante la maggioranza delle sostanze odoranti non abbia effetti tossici, tali condizioni generano una serie di impatti negativi comportando una modifica dell’equilibrio psicofisico di una persona e influire negativamente sui suoi comportamenti che si concludono con una diminuzione dei valori degli immobili, e della qualità di vita nelle aree interessate. L’attività di tesi ha avuto come obiettivo la ricerca e lo sviluppo dei sistemi innovativi (IOMS), con particolare riferimento alla investigazione ed analisi dell’influenza dei processi di acquisizione ed elaborazione dei dati, con il fine di investigare e confrontare le tecniche di feature extraction principalmente utilizzate nella letteratura tecnico-scientifica di settore.La sfida attuale è la determinazione dei sistemi di monitoraggio degli odori strumentali (IOMS) che consentono la caratterizzazione continua degli odori. Attualmente non esistono regolamenti o procedure standardizzate, e in letteratura sono disponibili dati limitati con riferimento alle caratteristiche e alla procedura operativa di questi sistemi per il monitoraggio degli odori ambientali. I risultati del seguente studio evidenziano l'importanza e la flessibilità degli IOMS proposti nel monitoraggio degli odori, fornendo informazioni accurate e in tempo reale sulla fonte e sulla concentrazione delle emissioni di odori.
Odorant degrading carboxylesterases regulate larva foraging and adult mating in Graph...
Hongshuang Wei
Shuqian Tan

Hongshuang Wei

and 6 more

March 18, 2020
Insect antennal carboxylesterases (CXEs) play key roles in the process of ester odor degradation. In this study, 23 candidate CXEs were identified by transcriptome analysis of Grapholita molesta. The GmolCXE1 and GmolCXE5 were highly expressed in the antennae of adults and significantly up-regulated in the antennae of male moths after exposure with odors from female moths. GmolCXE7, 10, 13, 14 and 20-22 were abundantly expressed in the larval heads. The relative expression of GmolCXE13, 14 and 21 were significantly up-regulated after stimulation with odors from ripe fuji apples and crown pears. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the GmolCXE1, 5 and GmolCXE14, 21 may involve in regulating the adults’ mating and larval foraging respectively. Our study suggested that GmolCXE1 and GmolCXE5 could degrade the sex pheromone component (Z/E)-8-dodecenyl acetate to its product (Z/E)-8-dodecenol with evidence from EAG responses and GC-MS analysis. GmolCXE14, 21 could degrade odorant volatiles (Ethyl butanoate/ ethyl hexanoate) of ripe crown pears by GC-MS analysis. These GmolCXEs mediated foraging and mating would be potential and effective molecular targets to develop behavioral antagonists against larvae and adults of G. molesta.
A layover in Europe: reconstructing the invasion route of asexual lineages of a New Z...
Carina Donne
Maurine Neiman

Carina Donne

and 4 more

July 16, 2020
Non-native species are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. High genetic variation is thought to be a critical factor for invasion success. The global invasion of a few clonal lineages of the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum is thus both puzzling and has the potential to help illuminate why some invasions succeed while others fail. Here, we used SNP markers and a geographically broad sampling scheme (N = 1617) including native New Zealand populations and invasive North American and European populations to provide the first widescale population genetic assessment of the relationships between and amongst native and invasive P. antipodarum. We used a combination of traditional and Bayesian molecular analyses to demonstrate that New Zealand populations harbor very high diversity relative to the invasive populations and are the source of the two main European genetic lineages. One of these two European lineages was in turn the source of at least one of the two main North American genetic clusters of invasive P. antipodarum, located in Lake Ontario. The other widespread North American group had a more complex origin that included the other European lineage and two New Zealand clusters. Altogether, our analyses suggest that just a small handful of clonal lineages of P. antipodarum were responsible for invasion across continents. Our findings provide critical information for prevention of additional invasions and control of existing invasive populations and are of broader relevance towards understanding the establishment and evolution of asexual populations and the forces driving biological invasion.
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