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Odorant degrading carboxylesterases regulate larva foraging and adult mating in Graph...
Hongshuang Wei
Shuqian Tan

Hongshuang Wei

and 6 more

March 18, 2020
Insect antennal carboxylesterases (CXEs) play key roles in the process of ester odor degradation. In this study, 23 candidate CXEs were identified by transcriptome analysis of Grapholita molesta. The GmolCXE1 and GmolCXE5 were highly expressed in the antennae of adults and significantly up-regulated in the antennae of male moths after exposure with odors from female moths. GmolCXE7, 10, 13, 14 and 20-22 were abundantly expressed in the larval heads. The relative expression of GmolCXE13, 14 and 21 were significantly up-regulated after stimulation with odors from ripe fuji apples and crown pears. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the GmolCXE1, 5 and GmolCXE14, 21 may involve in regulating the adults’ mating and larval foraging respectively. Our study suggested that GmolCXE1 and GmolCXE5 could degrade the sex pheromone component (Z/E)-8-dodecenyl acetate to its product (Z/E)-8-dodecenol with evidence from EAG responses and GC-MS analysis. GmolCXE14, 21 could degrade odorant volatiles (Ethyl butanoate/ ethyl hexanoate) of ripe crown pears by GC-MS analysis. These GmolCXEs mediated foraging and mating would be potential and effective molecular targets to develop behavioral antagonists against larvae and adults of G. molesta.
A layover in Europe: reconstructing the invasion route of asexual lineages of a New Z...
Carina Donne
Maurine Neiman

Carina Donne

and 4 more

July 16, 2020
Non-native species are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. High genetic variation is thought to be a critical factor for invasion success. The global invasion of a few clonal lineages of the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum is thus both puzzling and has the potential to help illuminate why some invasions succeed while others fail. Here, we used SNP markers and a geographically broad sampling scheme (N = 1617) including native New Zealand populations and invasive North American and European populations to provide the first widescale population genetic assessment of the relationships between and amongst native and invasive P. antipodarum. We used a combination of traditional and Bayesian molecular analyses to demonstrate that New Zealand populations harbor very high diversity relative to the invasive populations and are the source of the two main European genetic lineages. One of these two European lineages was in turn the source of at least one of the two main North American genetic clusters of invasive P. antipodarum, located in Lake Ontario. The other widespread North American group had a more complex origin that included the other European lineage and two New Zealand clusters. Altogether, our analyses suggest that just a small handful of clonal lineages of P. antipodarum were responsible for invasion across continents. Our findings provide critical information for prevention of additional invasions and control of existing invasive populations and are of broader relevance towards understanding the establishment and evolution of asexual populations and the forces driving biological invasion.
Autoimmune activation of the GnRH receptor induces insulin resistance in a rat model...
Hongliang Li
Gege Zhang

Hongliang Li

and 7 more

March 18, 2020
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a metabolic and reproductive disease, is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. We previously demonstrated that autoantibodies (AAb) directed toward the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) are present in a high percentage of PCOS patients. It is unclear whether GnRHR-AAb can induce peripheral tissue insulin resistance (IR) in animal models. In the present study, we examined the impact of GnRHR-AAb on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and insulin signaling in a recently established autoimmune rat model of PCOS. Sixteen rats were divided into two groups: a GnRHR ECL2 peptide-immunized group, and a control group. Sera GnRHR-AAb, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were measured by ELISA. All immunized rats produced elevated anti-GnRHR ECL2 antibody titers and higher concentration of testosterone and LH. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests demonstrated higher blood glucose levels in immunized rats at 30 minutes and 60 minutes. A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index was also higher. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of insulin signaling genes in peripheral tissue were decreased. The concentration of sera TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-18 were increased, while IL-4 and IL-10 were inhibited in the immunized group. These data support the likelihood of GnRHR-ECL2 AAbs inducing IR in peripheral tissue. GnRHR-ECL2 AAb may alter the synthesis and pulsatile secretion of LH thus leading to hyperandrogenemia, inflammation, and IR. Our studies provide the realistic expectation of new knowledge regarding the etiology of IR in PCOS as well as a pathway for development of novel effective treatment.
Prescription medication use amongst men and women prior and during Assisted Reproduct...
Edmond Rostand
Abigail Sharpe

Edmond Rostand

and 3 more

March 18, 2020
Along with the rising incidence of couples and individuals seeking fertility, there is an increase in the prevalence of comorbid medical conditions requiring prescription drug use. there is limited data available on medication use prior to and during artificial reproductive technology (ART) treatment and the impact these drugs may have on reproductive outcomes. This review analysed available literature on prescription medication use amongst men and women during ART, including antidepressants, anti-hyperglycaemic medications, levothyroxine and proton pump inhibitors. Further research is required to determine the prevalence of prescription drugs used during ART and assist development of standardised and informative clinical guidelines
Severe pneumonia in a critically ill pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection: A case...
Xiaoping Wang
Dongna Wang

Xiaoping Wang

and 9 more

March 18, 2020
Severe pneumonia in a critically ill pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection: A case reportXiaoping Wang1a, Dongna Wang1a, Shuming He1a,*, Ruibin Chi1, Minchang He1, Meibin Shi1,Weidong Li1, Chunxi Chi1, Xiangwen Zhao1, Jianfeng Luo2Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 65, Jucheng Road. Zhongshan, 528415, People’s Republic of China.Zhongshan Second People’s Hospital, Muhejing East Road, Gangkou. Zhongshan, 517400, People’s Republic of China.a These authors contributed equally to this work.* Corresponding Author : Shuming He, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 65, Jucheng Road. Zhongshan, 528415, People’s Republic of China. email: 13703036288@139.comAbstract: Here, we report a critical case of maternal COVID-19 infection in the third trimester of pregnancy showing severe outcomes for mother and infant.Keywords. COVID-19, Pregnant woman, Preterm deliveryTweetable abstract COVID-19 infection in pregnancy may cause severe outcomes for mothers and infants. Early detection and initiation of appropriate management are crucial.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated in the gastrointestinal tis...
Sarah Sasson
John Zaunders

Sarah Sasson

and 19 more

March 18, 2020
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of combination ipilimumab and nivolumab-associated colitis (IN-COL) by measuring gut-derived and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (GMNC; PBMC) profiles. We studied GMNC and PBMC from patients with IN-COL, IN-treated with no adverse-events (IN-NAE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy volunteers by flow cytometry. In the gastrointestinal-derived cells we found high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in IN-COL, changes that were not evident in IN-NAE or UC. UC but not IN-C was associated with a high proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg). We sought to determine if local tissue responses could be measured in peripheral blood. Peripherally, checkpoint-inhibition instigated a rise in activated memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regardless of colitis. Low circulating MAIT cells at baseline was associated with IN-COL patients, compared with IN-NAE in one of two cohorts. UC but not IN-COL was associated with high levels of circulating plasmablasts. In summary, the alterations in T cell subsets measured in IN-COL-affected tissue, characterised by high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and MAIT cells and a low proportion of Treg, reflected a pathology distinct from UC. These tissue changes differed from the periphery, where T cell activation was a widespread on-treatment effect, and circulating MAIT cell count was low but not reliably predictive of colitis (Figure1).
The ecology of terrestrial eDNA: Its state, transport, and fate on aboveground surfac...
Rafael Valentin
Kathleen Kyle

Rafael Valentin

and 4 more

March 17, 2020
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a valuable tool for monitoring species of concern or site biodiversity, including expanded use of surveys designed to detect fully terrestrial species. However, if aboveground terrestrial eDNA surveys are to be widely adopted, it is necessary to first understand how terrestrial conditions affect the state, transport, and ultimate fate (or ‘ecology’) of terrestrially deposited eDNA. Many of the processes that affect eDNA’s state, transport, and fate in aquatic environments may not be applicable in aboveground systems, warranting an exploration of the terrestrial processes that likely do affect eDNA. Here we explore ecology terrestrial eDNA through a series of experiments exploring the optimal filter pore size for eDNA collection, how eDNA is affected by rain events, and its degradation rate under different solar radiation conditions. We found that the capture concentration of intracellular eDNA was not significantly affected by an increase in filter pore size, suggesting there is a wide range of viable pore size options for targeting intracellular eDNA. We also found extracellular eDNA degrades more rapidly than intracellular forms when exposed to solar radiation, indicating the latter is a more viable target for collection. Finally, we identified that rainfall or mist will remove most terrestrial eDNA present on vegetation substrate. This study provides researchers and managers key insights into successfully designing and carrying out terrestrial eDNA surveys that maximize detection probability and reduce production of false positive survey results.
Research proposal  (DRX)
Mahmud Matin

Mahmud Matin

March 18, 2020
A document by Mahmud Matin. Click on the document to view its contents.
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) do you have enough Intensive Care Units?
Gabriele Melegari
Enrico Giuliani

Gabriele Melegari

and 6 more

March 17, 2020
The study analyzes the Italian Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) outbreaks, searching possible predicting model, underlining the risk of the Trend of phenomena.
Don't panic, it is only an emergency
Mathew Mercuri

Mathew Mercuri

March 17, 2020
Since news of COVID-19 outbreak hit the mainstream media, I have received several calls from acquaintances about if and how they should be worried. I suspect many readers of the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice have experienced the same. What makes communicating the risk difficult can be illustrated through a recent assignment I gave to my undergraduate class focused on how we use science in public policy. I asked the students to identify claims in the media regarding the virus and then search the literature to assess the level of support for such claims. Suffice it to say, they found several claims unsupported, and several others to be inconclusive. Not very good grounding for providing definitive (or even satisfying) advice.
The role of coronary artery calcification scoring in primary prevention of cerebrovas...
Ahmad Alkhatib
Ahmed El-Sayed

Ahmed Alkhatib

and 2 more

March 17, 2020
Atherosclerosis is considered a systemic disease, and its presence in any site of the arterial system in the body raises suspicion of its presence somewhere else. Since atherothrombosis represents the most common cause of stroke, it is important to investigate whether coronary artery calcification, a commonly used measure of cardiac atherosclerotic burden, can be a similarly useful measure of atherosclerotic burden in the brain. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of CAC in the detection and prevention of cerebrovascular disease. CAC is an independent risk factor of stroke development, and using it to supplement traditional risk factors may allow better identification of higher-risk groups. Intermediate risk patients with elevated CAC scores can be started on statin therapy. CAC score may hold promise in identifying patient groups most likely to benefit from aspirin therapy. In addition, it may have a role in the identification of stroke patients who may benefit from closer cardiac monitoring as it can aid traditional scores in the detection of coronary pathology in stroke survivors.
Bifurcation and chaos of a density dependent Leslie population model
Guo Feng
Song Xinghao

Guo Feng

and 1 more

March 17, 2020
A discrete-time Leslie model with Hassell growth function for two generations is investigated by qualitative analysis and numerical simulation. Local stability analysis of the system is carried out. Many forms of complex dynamics are observed, including chaotic bands with periodic windows, flip bifurcations, and Hopf bifurcations, attractor crises, and non-unique dynamics (meaning that several attractors coexist). Numerical simulation results not only show the consistence with the theoretical analysis but also display the new and interesting dynamical behaviors, including different periodic orbits in chaotic regions, attracting invariant circle, period-doubling bifurcations from stable equilibriums leading to chaos, interior crisis and boundary crisis. The largest Lyapunov exponents are numerically computed to confirm further the complexity of these dynamic behaviors. The analysis and results in this paper are interesting in mathematics and biology.
Relationship between land use and soil erosion in a typical area in the tableland and...
Jianxiang Zhang
Naiang Wang

Jianxiang Zhang

and 3 more

March 17, 2020
Soil erosion is an important environmental problem that threatens human ecological security and socioeconomic development. Unreasonable land use is one of the main causes of soil erosion. By collecting the topography, climate, soil, vegetation and satellite image data of Dongzhiyuan (DZY) in the tableland and gully region (TGR) of the Loess Plateau (LP), the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) models were used to simulate the soil erosion intensity in different periods (1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017). We found that under high rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erosion usually be overestimated in the RUSLE model. However, the result has been changed when we use the annual average R.Besides, the model of CSLE based on the RUSLE takes engineering measure factor (E) into account, making the results more reliable. Also, land use change will affect soil erosion. The conversion of urban to farmland and grassland will increase soil erosion, and vice versa. The mutual transfer between farmland and grassland, forest and grassland will cause soil erosion to change in different directions, and the greater of land use change, the more serious soil erosion will be. Nevertheless, we shouldn’t increase the urban land by mountain excavation and gully filling blindly. Otherwise, geological disasters such as landslides and surface subsidence may occur in the near future. This work may enhance our understanding of soil erosion mechanisms in DZY, and provide references for land use planning and soil and water conservation in China’s Loess Plateau.
Mecânica Clássica: Posição e Distância
Mario Cezar Bertin

Mario Cezar Bertin

September 24, 2020
Resumo dos conceitos primitivosVamos relembrar os conceitos primitivos que apresentamos em aulas passadas, para preparar o terreno do que vem a seguir.Primeiro, introduzimos o conceito de partícula clássica, que consiste em um objeto sem dimensões, que não pode ser criado ou destruído, e que possui um conjunto de observáveis associados, ou definidores, como a massa e a carga elétrica. Com a partícula, podemos construir sistemas de partículas, que consistem em conjuntos de partículas com suas características definidoras.No contexto de sistemas de partículas, ou sistemas físicos, introduz-se o conceito de interação e de movimento. Duas partículas em um mesmo sistema, no geral, interagem entre si mudando seus estados de movimento. A interação entre partículas depende dos observáveis intrínsecos às partículas do sistema, como a massa e a carga elétrica, que geram as interações gravitacional e eletromagnética, respectivamente. Estados de movimento necessitam da estrutura matemática para serem devidamente definidos, mas estamos chegando lá.Toda característica de um sistema físico, inclusive as características intrínsecas, é um observável. O observador é um sistema físico munido de um aparato de medida, ou seja, uma forma de se coletar informação sobre um determinado observável do sistema físico alvo. Esta coleta de informações é denominado de medição, enquanto a informação coletada é chamada de medida. Uma medida é um elemento do conjunto de todas as medidas possíveis de serem coletadas sobre determinado observável, o espectro. Considerando-se um espectro relacionado a um observável, uma medição pode filtrar uma única medida, ou um subconjunto de medidas do espectro.O processo de medição consiste na interação entre o observador e o sistema físico, de modo que, em via de regra, os estados de movimento de ambos podem ser alterados. Contudo, definimos uma medida clássica como aquela que perturba minimamente o estado de movimento do sistema, de modo que a interferência da medição é considerada desprezível.Sobre o mapeamento dos conceitos primitivos em estruturas matemáticasPara a construção de uma teoria coerente para a mecânica clássica, vamos nos utilizar da precisão matemática. Esta é a vocação primordial da física: descrever e predizer o comportamento de fenômenos naturais de forma precisa e inequívoca. Um caminho que poderíamos seguir é o de postular, através da observação e experiência, o comportamento dos conceitos primitivos da teoria. Para tanto, precisaríamos incluir outros conceitos e demonstrar seu comportamento matemático. Contudo, nosso ponto de vista será mais simples. A partir dos conceitos já estabelecidos, estabeleceremos um mapa para estruturas matemáticas já existentes. Este mapeamento tem o objetivo primeiro de estabelecer precisamente uma forma de relacionar as partículas, movimento e interações de um sistema.O mapeamento se dá através de postulados, que relacionam conceitos físicos a objetos matemáticos. Definiremos, primeiro, o conceito de posição:Postulado 1: A posição de uma partícula consiste em um elemento (ou ponto) do espaço euclidiano tridimensional \(\mathbb{R}^3\).Neste caso, introduzimos um novo conceito, o de posição, e este conceito está vinculado a uma estrutura matemática, um espaço euclidiano. Assim, em nosso ponto de vista, o conceito de posição é um conceito derivado, necessita da teoria matemática para ser definido.Por outro lado, definir um conceito a partir da estrutura matemática exige que a própria estrutura seja devidamente compreendida e explorada. A teoria matemática cria, neste sentido, um terreno abstrato. É neste terreno que os conceitos primitivos e derivados são posicionados e, assim, a teoria física toma vida própria.Existem, de fato, duas estruturas matemáticas conhecidas como \(\mathbb{R}^3\). A primeira dessas estruturas é uma variedade diferenciável; um espaço de pontos no qual é possível definir curvas suaves. Como veremos, esta propriedade será de importância fundamental para a descrição do movimento. Por outro lado, o espaço euclidiano é também um espaço vetorial. Portanto, a posição de uma partícula clássica também pode ser representada pelos tão conhecidos vetores euclidianos, com todas as suas propriedades. Trataremos dessas propriedades mais adiante.Vamos, primeiro, tratar do espaço \(\mathbb{R}^3\) como uma variedade. O protótipo do espaço euclidiano é a reta real \(\mathbb{R}\), que consiste em uma representação do conjunto dos número reais sobre uma reta (fig \ref{284923}).
Advanced Planning and Designing of Multi-Purpose System of Army Trench Base of Concre...
Vijayvenkatesh Chandrasekaran

Vijayvenkatesh Chandrasekaran

March 17, 2020
This project paper says about advance planning and designing of multi- Purpose system of army trench base of concrete bunkers is assort of most superior of and 24 hours activations functions of a line of controls. It’s the most purposes full planning evaluations of military defense barricades, these designed to prevent the soldier’s in high impact explosions systems. Its the largest part of pre-effective functions can be used and large internal missile and ammunition storages. In our project planning’s is limit state design method is used. It’s highly economical and safe. And planning and high safe design. The design is done by according to IS (456-2000) the structural members are designed using HYSD rods with Fe-500 grade of steel and M-30 grade concrete. Here its followed by the framed rectangular planned structures are made up of the concrete retaining wall and it’s connected to raft foundation. And the required planning area of the plot is (57x22) sq feet. With a space of required capacity of storage ammunition and radar inspection. It’s a structural system, very strong and durable design propose and high lateral impact resistant and safety with invisible appearances.
The Modification of the Martin-Hou Equation of State and its application in Liquid-ph...
Zhicong Chen
Guang Yao

Zhicong Chen

and 4 more

March 17, 2020
In order to further improve the calculation precision and get a simpler algorithm, the Martin-Hou Equation of State is modified after rigorous data analysis data in different cases. A new revision factor h, a function of critical compression factor, is introduced into the novel M-H EOS to reduce the deviation of molar volume calculated in liquid-phase state. According to the new derivation process of the EOS, only a few number of physical properties are needed to characterize a given substance, which greatly reduced the difficulty of solution of the EOS. In order to verify the generality and the calculation precision in liquid-phase state, the novel M-H EOS has been applied to six representative substances: argon, methane, nitrogen, propane, benzene and water. Compared with the previous M-H EOS in liquid-phase state, the novel M-H EOS obviously reduces the deviation and can universally be applied to most kinds of substances.
Effects of salinity on photosystem II activity and antioxidant enzymes in two Türkish...

March 17, 2020
A document by Ali Doğru. Click on the document to view its contents.
DNA Barcoding and geographical scale effect: the problems of undersampling genetic di...
Álvaro Gaytán
Johannes Bergsten

Álvaro Gaytán

and 5 more

March 17, 2020
DNA barcoding identification needs a good characterization of intra-specific genetic divergence to establish the limits between species. Yet, the number of barcodes per species is many times low and geographically restricted. A poor coverage of the species distribution range may hamper identification, especially when undersampled areas host genetically distinct lineages. If so, the genetic distance between some query sequences and reference barcodes may exceed the maximum intra-specific threshold for unequivocal species assignation. Taking a group of Quercus herbivores (moths) in Europe as model system, we found that the number of DNA barcodes from southern Europe is proportionally very low in the Barcoding of Life Data Systems (BOLD). This geographical bias complicates the identification of southern query sequences, due to their high intra-specific genetic distance with respect to barcodes from higher latitudes. Pairwise intra-specific genetic divergence increased along with spatial distance, but was higher when at least one of the sampling sites was in southern Europe. Accordingly, GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescent) single threshold model retrieved clusters constituted exclusively by Iberian haplotypes, some of which could correspond to cryptic species. The number of putative species retrieved was more reliable than that of multiple threshold GMYC but very similar to results from ABGD and jMOTU. Our results support GMYC as a key resource for species delimitation within poorly inventoried biogeographic regions in Europe, where historical factors (e.g. glaciations) have promoted genetic diversity and singularity. Future European DNA barcoding initiatives should be preferentially performed along latitudinal gradients, with special focus on southern peninsulas.
Study on the transfer probability density function of a class of stochastic different...
Dongwei Huang
Lijiao Cai

Dongwei Huang

and 3 more

March 17, 2020
In this paper, the solution and validity of the transfer probability density function for a stochastic dynamical system excited by white Gaussian noise are discussed. Based on the exponential polynomial closure method, not only the numerical solution of FPK equation is accepted, but also the validity of the method is shown from different views. On the one hand, the exact solution expression of the stationary transition probability density of some kind of system is received and its error compared with the numerical solution is analyzed. On the other hand, by establishing a kind of potential function to observe the stable region of the state variables in probabilistic sense, it is found that the stable region of the state variables determined by the potential function is highly consistent with the stable region determined by the stationary transition probability density function after long-term observation.
The rigorous derivation of unipolar Euler-Maxwell system for electrons from bipolar E...
LIANG ZHAO

LIANG ZHAO

March 17, 2020
In the paper, we consider the local-in-time and the global-in-time infinity-ion-mass convergence of bipolar Euler-Maxwell systems by setting the mass of an electron me=1 and letting the mass of an ion mi→∞. We use the method of asymptotic expansions to handle the local-in-time convergence problem and find that the limiting process from bipolar models to unipolar models is actually decoupling, but not the vanishing of equations for the corresponding the other particle. Moreover, when the initial data is sufficiently close to the constant equilibrium state, we establish the global-in-time infinity-ion-mass convergence.
Mathematica Pseudocodes for Implementing Block Adams Family
jimevwo Oghonyon
Sheila Bishop

jimevwo Oghonyon

and 4 more

March 17, 2020
This study is considered to formulate Mathematica pseudocodes for implementing block Adams family (MPIBAF). An idea multinomial basis function approximant will be utilized to process the interpolation and collocation methods. A special block Adams family in form of block Adams-Bashforth and Block Adams-Moulton methods will be developed via interpolation and collocation method to foster the principal local truncation error thereby bringing into existence the convergency limits. The application of Mathematica pseudocodes will be processed on some applied math problems in a parallel manner with each processor depending on one another. The computable results will be produced via a compiled Mathematica pseudocode in a gradual manner. In addition, technical computation supersedes manual computation as demonstrated by the results of the numerous gains such as ease of computable processes and structures, better accuracy and quicker convergency.
Cough as an adverse effect for inhalation pharmaceutical products
Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
Philip Chi Lip  Kwok

Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang

and 5 more

March 17, 2020
Cough is an adverse effect that may hinder the delivery of drugs into the lungs. Chemical or mechanical stimulants activate the transient receptor potential in some airway afferent nerves (C or A fibres) to trigger cough. Types of inhaler device and drug, dose, excipients, formulation characteristics including pH, tonicity, aerosol output and particle size may trigger cough by stimulating the cough receptors. Release of inflammatory mediators may increase the sensitivity of the cough receptors to stimulants. The cough-provoking effect of aerosols is enhanced by bronchoconstriction in diseased airways and reduces drug deposition in the target pulmonary regions. In this article, we review the factors by which inhalation products may cause cough.
Game theoretic computing of producer’s and consumer’s risks, α & β, for acceptanc...
Mehmet Sahinoglu

Mehmet Sahinoglu

March 17, 2020
When establishing a hypothesis testing procedure to ensure its credibility, the most significant of all is unquestionably to select and/or compute the optimal Type-I and the Type-II error probabilities, namely Producer’s and Consumer’s Risks, α & β respectively. This article as opposed to the conventionally and judgmentally picking at best a subjective Type-I error probability, outlines a Game theoretic approach, i.e. that of von Neumann, to this historically unresolved paradigm to justify optimal choices for Type-I error probability (α) and Type-II error probability (β) when cost, utility and other market-centric factors are incorporated as input data. A game theory-based algorithmic methodology and several numerical examples of practical nature with specific emphasis to company-specific Acceptance Sampling plans for Quality Assurance are illustrated. A side benefit of this method in addition to improving the Acceptance Sampling plans is to transform the traditional Hypothesis Testing process in making sound engineering decisions from a “subjective” to “objective” stance, provided that the monetary cost and utility consequences of committing error and non-error combinations are available.
Difference Analysis on Meteorological Response Factors of Potential Evapotranspiratio...
liu hui
Songjun Han

liu hui

and 2 more

March 17, 2020
The response of meteorological elements to potential evapotranspiration(ET0) varies greatly from different time-scale perspectives, but current research are mainly focused on a certain time-scale and lack the study on the response of various meteorological elements to ET0 variations based on different time-scale perspectives. This situation results in the unilateral perception of variations in ET0 caused by climate change. Therefore, this study qualitatively explore the sensitive factors of ET0 on different time scales by sensitivity coefficients, and quantitatively characterize the actual contribution amounts of major meteorological elements to variations in ET0 on different time scales by contribution rate combining the sensitivity coefficients with the relative variation rates of meteorological elements. Results are listed as follows. (1) The SRH is always negative, but SRn, ST and SU are positive. The main sensitivity factors of ET0 vary on different time scales. Specifically, RH and Rn become the major sensitive factors alternately within a year. On an interannual basis, the Rn was the most sensitive factor from 1958 to 1963, and the most sensitive factor became RH from 1964 to 1978. RH and Rn became the most sensitive factors to ET0 alternately from 1979 to 2017. (2) The contributions of each meteorological element fluctuate significantly. On the daily time scale, the GT and GU are large at the beginning and end of the year. The GRn and GRH are dominant in the middle of the year. On the monthly and seasonal time scales, RH contributes the most in spring and autumn and Rn does in summer. The GT and GU are dominant in winter. On the yearly and multi-yearly time scales, the main contributing factors are RH and T. In summary, the increase in ET0 in Beijing area is mainly caused by the decrease in RH and the increase in T. The decreases in U and Rn also slow down the further increase in ET0 in this area. This blocking effect caused by Rn in summer is highly evident.
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