Abstract Background: It is still unclear if and to what extent antenatal or early postnatal vitamin D supplementation would affect the development of allergic diseases later in life. Objective: This study aimed to quantify the effect of antenatal or early postnatal vitamin D supplementation on allergic diseases in life. Methods: MEDLINE(PubMed), EMBASE(OVID), and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched up to March 01 2020.We included only randomized controlled trials. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the certainty in the body of evidence. Results: The search yielded 1251 studies. Eight RCTs were included in the systematic review, which suggests that Vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women and infants may not decrease the risk of developing allergic diseases such as asthma and/or wheezing, eczema, allergic rhinitis, lower respiratory tract infection or food allergies. Conclusions: Limited information is available addressing primary prevention of allergic diseases after Vitamin D supplementation and its potential impact remains uncertain. Keywords: Allergy, Prevention, Systematic review, Vitamin D

Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare disease. Few states in developing countries have an adequate management of HAE, but none of them belongs to the former USSR area. This study analyses data from C1-INH-HAE patients from Belarus. Data about clinical characteristics, genetics, access to diagnosis and treatment were collected from 2010 by the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology in Minsk. A questionnaire about attacks, prophylactic (LTP) and on-demand therapy (ODT) was administered to patients. We identified 64 C1-INH-HAE patients belonging to 26 families, 27 (42.2%) of which were diagnosed in the last 3 years. The estimated minimal prevalence was 1:148000. Median age at diagnosis was 29 years, with diagnostic delay of 19 years. Thirty-eight patients answered a questionnaire about therapy. Seventeen (44.7%) underwent ODT: 6 (15.8%) with appropriate treatments, and 11 (28.9%) with inappropriate treatments. Nine (23.6%) used LTP with attenuated androgens and twelve (31.5%) recovered spontaneously. Thirty-two patients answered a questionnaire about attacks and triggers: 368 angioedema attacks were reported, with an average of 10 attacks per year. We found 24 different SERPING1 variants: 9 missenses, 6 in splice sites, 6 small deletions, 2 nonsense, 1 large deletion; 7 have not been previously described. De novo variants were found in 11 patients. C1-INH-HAE diagnosis and management in Belarus is improved as seen from the high number of new diagnosis in the last 3 years. Next steps will be to reduce the diagnostic delay and to promote the LTP and OTD.

This note is part of the collection of quick notes, corresponding to short writings on diverse topics of everyday use in the Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.This note shows some properties of the Levi-Civita Symbol, which is extremely useful in tensor manipulations, greatly simplifying the vectorial calculations related to the vector product between vectors. These notes are based on chapter 1 of the excellent book by \citet{Sepulveda_2009}.

This research was aimed at understanding the psychology of citizens to get tested and to follow prevention measures when they show COVID-19 symptoms. It analyses the monetary and psychological perspective. It was found that 75% of the symptomatic individuals did not follow isolation measures, and  80% of symptomatic participants chose to not test, solely based on the decreased severity of symptoms.  7 respondents showed severe symptoms but restrained themselves from taking a test due to the high cost of testing for Covid-19. 

Arabidopsis Casparian strip membrane domain proteins (CASPs) form a transmembrane scaffold to recruit lignin biosynthetic enzymes for Casparian strip (CS) formation. Compared with Arabidopsis, rice root is more complex with a CS of the exodermis and sclerenchyma and a CS that does not block propidium iodide entry into the stele. Rice CASP1 is highly similar to AtCASPs, but it is not required for CS formation. Its mutation results in early leaf senescence and fewer tillers and does not change the CS structure and permeability. OsCASP1 is mainly located in the nuclear membrane. Its expression is concentrated in the root stele and at small lateral root tips and can be induced by salt stress. OsCASP1 mutation causes ectopic suberin deposition in small lateral roots and ion imbalances in the plant. Homeostatic disorder induces nutrient recycling and accelerate leaf senescence. To our knowledge, OsCASP1 is the first CASP to be described in the nuclear membrane; it modulates suberin deposition and does not involve CS formation, representing a novel regulatory mode of CASPs.

A 60-year-old lady with a past history of rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), percutaneous valvuloplasty and persistent atrial fibrillation represented with heart failure. Cardiac ECHO confirmed severe MS, moderate tricuspid and aortic valve regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. She underwent mitral and aortic valve replacements, a tricuspid valve repair and left atrial appendage clip. She developed a LV wall rupture and underwent repair of defect. Cardiogenic shock persisted despite IABP counter-pulsation and escalating inotropic support. Central veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and 9 days later, a percutaneous Protek Duo right ventricular assist device (RVAD) for RV failure afforded a successful outcome.

In this paper, we propose and study a (3+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota-Satsu-Ito equation, which is an important physical model. Here, by using the Hirota bilinear method, we derive its lump-type solutions, which are almost rationally localized in all spatial directions. The interaction solutions play an important roel in studying nonlinear phnoemnon, such as nonlinear optics. Thus, three kind of localized interaction solutions are constructed, respectively. In order to study the dynamic behaviours, numerical simulations are implemented, which show that there are two interesting physical phenomen: one is that fission and fusion ohenoenon happen during the collision; the other is that rogue wave phenomena is triggered by the interaction between a lump-type wave and a soliton wave (see Figure 2). The proposed (3+1)-dimensional model and results obtained can be applyied to the research on other nonlinear localized waves.

A model for one-dimensional bistable systems characterized by a deformable double-well energy landscape, is introduced in order to investigate the effect of shape deformability on the order of phase transition in quantum tunneling, and on the quasi-exact integrability of the classical statistical mechanics of these systems. The deformable double-well energy landscape is modelled by a parametrized double-well potential possessesing two fixed degenerate minima and a constant barrier height, but a tunable shape of its walls which affects the confinement of the two wells. It is found that unlike bistable models involving the standard $\phi^4$-field model for which the transition in quantum tunneling is predicted to be strictly of second order, a parametrization of the double-well potential also favors a first-order transition occurring above a universal critical value of the shape deformability parameter. The partition function of the model is constructed within the framework of the transfer-integral formalism, with emphasis on low-lying eigenstates of the transfer-integral operator. A criteria for quasi-exact integrability of the partition function is formulated, in terms of the condition for possible existence of exact eigenstates of the transfer-integral operator. The quasi-exact solvability condition is obtained analytically and from this, some exact eigenstates are derived at several temperatures. The exact probability densities obtained from the analytical expressions of the groundstate wavefunctions at different temperatures, are found to be in excellent agreement with the probability density obtained from numerical simulations of the Langevin equation.

In this work, we study the sufficient condition for convergence of the reduced differential transform method for non-linear differential equations. The main power of this method is its ability and flexibility in solving non-linear problems properly and easily and obtain solutions both numerically and analytically. Simple approaches of reduced differential transform method and the convergence results for different classes of differential equations such as linear and non-linear ordinary, partial, fractional, and system of differential equations are briefly discussed. Eight examples are checked to confirm convergence results as well as the strength and efficiency of the method.

This paper is concerned with stationary distribution and extinction of a stochastic SIQR epidemic model with media coverage which is disturbed by both white and telegraph noises. By using the stochastic Lyapunov function method, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a stationary distribution of the global positive solution to the model. Then we establish sufficient conditions for extinction of the disease. A stationary distribution means that all the individuals can be coexistent and persistent in the long term. Finally, numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate our theoretical results.

By using Schaefer's fixed point theorem combined with the selection theorem of Bressan and Colombo for lower semi-continuous maps with decomposable values, we prove the existence of solutions for a rst-order differential inclusion system . and also we prove a Filippov-Gronwall type inequality for solutions for this problem type. We end our work by some examples about drilling model systems to give some conditions for existence of solution.

In this paper, we apply the $\tan(\circleddash/2)$ expansion and the Kudryashov general approaches to the time fractional perturbed Radhakrishnan-Kundu -Lakshmanan (RKL) equation. These integration schemes provide a number of optical soliton solutions of the model. The solutions registered with constraint conditions on the parameters that follow their existence criteria. To the constraint conditions, the solutions offer various transmission signals through optical fibres, such as double periodic optical solitons, combo optical periodic and rogue waves, combo periodic and shock waves, combo periodic and solitons, and combo double singular solitons. Moreover, after interaction of rogue and periodic waves, it is shown that the rogue waves are going to diminish after a certain time keeping periodic nature of the interaction. In fact, interaction of periodic and rogue waves produces periodic rogue type breather waves, that indicates the amplitude of the rogue waves gradually decreases, and vanishes after a certain time. Some dynamical signals are plotted in the graphs by picking suitable values on the parameters.

In this paper, the authors obtain some new blow up criteria for the smooth solution to the three dimensional magnetic B\’enard equation without thermal diffusion in terms of pressure. We prove that if $\pi\in L^2(0, T; L^{\f3r}(\R^3))$ with $0

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of partial nephrectomy on renal function and to identify predictors of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at six months after partial nephrectomy. Methods: Medical data of 154 consecutive patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for a renal mass between January 2015 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome measure was eGFR at six months postoperatively. A non-linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between primary outcome measure and candidate predictors. Results: Of the patients, 66 (42.9%) were females and 88 (57.1%) were males with a median age of 60 (range, 50 to 67) years. The median baseline eGFR was 90.40 (range, 74.96 to 102.97) mL/min/1.73 m2, while the median eGFR at six months was 77.12 (range, 61.06 to 91.93) mL/min/1.73 m2 (p<0.001). Baseline eGFR (=22.691, 95%CI: 18.821 to 26.460, when baseline eGFR levels change from 74.97 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 102.68 ml/min/1.73 m2, p<0.001) was found to be directly associated with the postoperative eGFR levels at six months. In contrary, advanced tumor size (=-3.168, 95%CI: -5.332 to -1.005, when tumor size levels change from 3 to 6 cm, p<0.001) and presence of hypertension ( = -3.479, 95%CI: -6.956 to -0.0031, p=0.049) were also found to be inversely associated with the postoperative eGFR levels at six months. Conclusion: Baseline eGFR values, tumor size, and presence of hypertension are significant predictors of eGFR values in the mid-term in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.

Deep learning has the potential to revolutionize process analytical technology in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we used Raman spectroscopy-based deep learning strategies to develop a tool for detecting microbial contamination. We built a Raman dataset for microorganisms that are common contaminants in the pharmaceutical industry for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, which are often used in the production of biologics. Using a convolution neural network (CNN), we classified the different samples comprising individual microbes and microbes mixed with CHO cells with an accuracy of 95-100%. The set of 12 microbes spans across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. We also created an attention map for different microbes and CHO cells to highlight which segments of the Raman spectra contribute the most to help discriminate between different species. This dataset and algorithm provide a route for implementing Raman spectroscopy for detecting microbial contamination in the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with tumor predisposition in the parathyroid gland, anterior hypophysis and pancreatic islet cells. Here we describe the first Costa Rican MEN1 case with a novel MEN1 mutation in a 37-year-old male with history of nephrolithiasis and recurrent hypoglycemia

We present the case of a patient with patch-stage mycosis fungoides who developed ulcerative tumors compatible with large cell transformation. Tumor cells were positive for CD30 and CXCR3 and negative for CCR3, and subsequently exhibited spontaneous regression. Thus, large cell transformation in early mycosis fungoides may not indicate poor prognosis.

Focused Intensive Care Echo (FICE) is recommended in critically unwell patients to assess haemodynamic status. In certain circumstances, FICE can also be used as a diagnostic tool. We present a case where FICE identified a large left atrial mass in an intensive care patient with acute hypoxia and thromboembolic sequelae.

We present the case of an adult patient with acute dyspnoea and stridor following thyroidectomy. After excluding other causes of postoperative stridor, we concluded the patient was suffering from laryngospasm due to hypocalcaemia secondary to postoperative hypoparathyroidism. It is important to consider hypocalcaemia as a differential diagnosis in stridor.

The biological father of an 11-year-old girl infects his daughter, who returns to her biological mother's family before the father's diagnosis. The daughter endures a 1-day, mild illness. However, despite close physical contact prior to and during the girl's illness, her mother, stepfather and 1-year-old half-brother were not infected.

This case showed that anticancer drug administration induces unhealthy subcutaneous tissue (thrombus or edema) without subjective symptoms, abnormal sign by palpation or inspection, which have an extravasation risk. Especially, short-term interval therapy such as a weekly chemotherapy have high risk for anticancer drug infusion to the risky site.

As microbiome research moves away from model organisms to wildlife, new challenges for microbiome high throughput sequencing arise caused by the variety of wildlife diets. High levels of contamination are commonly observed emanating from the host (mitochondria) or diet (chloroplast). Such high contamination levels affect the overall sequencing depth of wildlife samples thus decreasing statistical power and leading to poor performance in downstream analysis. We developed an amplification protocol utilizing PNA-DNA clamps to maximize the use of resources and to increase the sampling depth of true microbiome sequences in samples with high levels of plastid contamination. We chose two study organisms, a bat (Leptonyteris yerbabuenae) and a bird (Mimus parvulus), both relying on heavy plant-based diets that sometimes lead to traces of plant-based faecal material producing high contamination signals from chloroplasts and mitochondria. On average, our protocol yielded a 13-fold increase in bacterial sequence amplification compared with the standard protocol (Earth Microbiome Protocol) used in wildlife research. For both focal species, we were able significantly to increase the percentage of sequences available for downstream analyses after the filtering of plastids and mitochondria. Our study presents the first results obtained by using PNA-DNA clamps to block the PCR amplification of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from the diet in the gut microbiome of wildlife. The method involves a cost-effective molecular technique instead of the filtering out of unwanted sequencing reads. As 33% and 26% of birds and bats, respectively, have a plant-based diet, the tool that we present here will optimize the sequencing and analysis of wild microbiomes.

Mesenteric cysts are rare tumours that are difficult to diagnose given their vague symptomatology such as abdominal pain and nausea. Our case demonstrates a patient presenting with suspected ureteric colic, whereby early imaging revealed this rarity

Neoplastic meningitis remains a diagnostic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations. We discuss a presentation with dizziness with an initial diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. We highlight the hallmark findings and reflect on how clinicians may miss evolving features in recurrent attenders due to ‘anchoring’ to previous diagnoses.