The positive drift at the end of nanoindentation P-h plot in case of hard titanium diboride (TiB2) films was ascribed to swelling taking place due to strain gradient plastic deformation with the sample contacting the indenter. The indentations performed at lower loads based on the positioning however suffered resistance towards any plastic deformation as per GTN theory. Although the formation of nanocrystallites inside larger grains were observed, indentation performed at grain boundaries or area having comparatively lower atomic density caused plastic deformation.

A unified schematic visualization of Si solar cell technologies as well as tandem interconnection schemes (2, 3, 4 terminal) with industrial relevance is presented based on a comprehensive literature review.

The temperature has a large impact on the rate of a chemical reaction. For photoelectrochemical water splitting it has been shown that the photocurrent of a tungsten oxide anode increases by 64 % in a temperature interval of 25 to 65 °C. Photoelectrochemical cells are usually not equipped with systems for active temperature control. This limits the reliability of measurement data, especially for long measurements under illumination (e.g., impedance spectroscopy). Insufficient comparability of materials is an obstacle for development and application of photoelectrochemical modules.

A document by Christian Hagendorf. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Christian Hagendorf. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Christian Hagendorf. Click on the document to view its contents.

How to prepare and submit your paper1) APPL Interactive Papers are prepared and submitted via Authorea. You can get started by using the submission template. (Click Use Template to get started). If you prefer, you can also start a document from scratch or upload an existing manuscript. If you want to do so, from your Authorea account, in the top right click the + button to see available options.2) We recommend to organize your article by including dedicated (sub)sections; please refer to the more general Applied Research guideline for authors for details on document structure. The Submission Template that we provide has the required document structure.3) Once you have prepared your document and are ready to submit it for consideration, submit it to the  APPL Interactive Papers Authorea Collection. (Click Submit and select your manuscript). You can also submit directly from the document by selecting "Submit for review" and finding the "APPL Interactive Papers" portal from the list.4) Make your document public, by publishing it as a preprint. Click Publish and follow the prompts. Choose a few suitable keywords; also select CC 4.0 is the copyright license.5) Submit a static version of your document through APPL's journal's editorial platform.  We recommend that you download/export the interactive article in Word, PDF, or LaTeX format and submit your manuscript files.