TITLE PAGEArticle TypeClinical pictureTitlePOUNDing score of Intracranial LipomasAuthorsYuta Aikawa, Takanobu Sato, Ryo IchibayashiAffiliationsDivision of Emergency Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center, Sakura Hospital, Chiba, JapanCorresponding AuthorRyo Ichibayashi, MD, PhDORCID iD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4875Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Internal MedicineToho University Medical Center, Sakura Hospital564-1 ShimosizuSakura-shi, Chiba 285-8741, JapanPhone: +81-43-462-8811Fax: +81-43-462-8835e-mail: ryou.ichibayashi@med.toho-u.ac.jpRunning titleIntracranial LipomasKeywordsLipomas, Headache, Intracerebroventricular, Diagnostic imagingConflict of interestThe authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.Financial supportThe author(s) received no financial support for this article’s research, authorship, and/or publication.Patient consentWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report by the journal’s patient consent policy.Author contributionTS wrote and drafted the manuscript. YA, KI, and RI helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Data availability statementThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy and ethical considerations.AcknowledgmentsNone.Key clinical messageMost intracranial lipomas are asymptomatic, but headache is the most common symptom. The POUNDing score is sometimes high. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor imaging findings in parallel with the treatment of migraine.Clinical pictureA 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 2-month-old headache. Her headache was a unilateral throbbing headache like she had never experienced before. Her headache lasted more than 4 hours and was accompanied by vomiting. Otherwise, she had no abnormal neurological findings. She has a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She is on regular oral paroxetine hydrochloride and cloxazolam. She gained 30 kg weight in 4 years. So far, she has not seen a doctor because of her headache, although she has acknowledged it many times. She was conscious, had blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, pulse 60/beat, body temperature 35.0°C, pupil 5 mm/5 mm, and bilateral light reflex. No neck stiffness or unconsciousness was noted in her. Her blood tests showed no abnormalities. She underwent a head CT to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage. Her head CT showed no intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. However, she had bilateral lateral ventricles and low-density structures in the right ventricle. CT values ranged from -20 to -80. When the head CT was set to the condition of the lung field, it was visually confirmed that it was not air (Fig. 1A). As a result, she was diagnosed with an intraventricular lipoma. The POUNDing score was 5 points, suggesting the possibility of migraine.1 After her symptoms improved with analgesics, she was sent home for outpatient follow-up. Intracranial lipoma is a rare benign tumor. Most are located in the midline within the cranium. Lipomas around the corpus callosum are associated with the hypomorphic and amorphic of the corpus callosum. Many cases are asymptomatic, with headache being the most common symptom. It is often found incidentally on head CT. Intracranial lipomas with headaches are found not only in the ventricle but also in other sites.2 At first glance, it can be mistaken for air mixed in the skull. When the CT value is measured, it shows a numerical value from 0 to -100 and is diagnosed as adipose tissue. It is rarely removed by surgery and is observed. The pounding score is a scale for diagnosing migraine. There are no reports of its use for intracranial lipoma. In our case, lipomas were found in the proper and third ventricles, and the right ventricle was more significant than the left (Fig. 1B). Headache due to intracranial lipoma was also considered. Still, from the result of the POUNDing score, it was diagnosed as a headache due to a migraine. Intracranial lipomas that have complained of headaches may include cases of migraine. Therefore, even if the intracranial lipoma is diagnosed, measuring the POUNDing score and differentiating migraine is necessary. On the other hand, the causal relationship between intracranial lipoma and headache has not been elucidated. For this reason, even if symptoms improve with analgesics, follow-up imaging is necessary when ventricular laterality, giant lipoma, and unexplained headache persist.References1. M. Tejero Mas, R. Burgos Blanco, J.J. Aguirre Sánchez, F. Buitrago Ramírez. The mnemonic POUNDing rule in the diagnosis of patients with migraine. Rev Clin Esp . 2018; 218(7): 388-389. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.05.0042. Bilir O, Yavasi O, Ersunan G, Kayayurt K, Durakoglugil T. Incidental Finding in a Headache Patient: Intracranial Lipoma. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine . 2014;15(4):361-2. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2014.4.21298Figure １A・B　Head CTUpper row： A is a lipoma in the right ventricle and B in the third ventricle. （white arrow）Lower row： It can be confirmed that both A and B are not air under lung field conditions. （black circle）

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A document by Rayyan Syed Kamal. Click on the document to view its contents.

Word Count: 1,075Key Clinical Message: Despite emphasis for emergent surgical treatment of Stanford Type A aortic dissections, pregnant patients that are clinically stable may safely receive a staged approach instead, with delivery followed by delayed dissection repair.Keywords: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Disorders

IntroductionHypercalcemia is one of the most frequent electrolyte disorders in patients with malignant diseases [1], presenting in about one quarter of these patients [2]. Hypercalcemia could result from osteolytic lesions or from production of humoral substances like parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) or uncontrolled synthesis and secretion of 1-25(OH)2D3 by the tumoral cell or macrophages. Within tumor-related etiologies, multiple myeloma, breast, lung, and kidney cancers are the most frequent [3,4]. In these diseases, hypercalcemia has been reported in 30% and 60% of patients with multiple myeloma and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [1].However, hypercalcemia has only been reported in 7-8% of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and its prevalence and its prognostic value is unclear [2].

Polyserositis Caused by Tuberculosis in a Young Female Patient with Hypothyroidism: A Diagnostic ChallengeGashaw Solela1 Ferhan Kedir1 Merga Daba21Department of Internal Medicine, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Correspondence: Gashaw Solela, Department of Internal Medicine, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, gashawsol@gmail.com, +251-921562995, ORCiD ID - 0000-0002-2233-9270

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Hepatocellular carcinoma concurent with gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare but possible case. In addition, selecting an effective treatment for two primary cancers is often difficult. In this report, we present the first case of hepatocellular carcinoma concurent with gastric adenocarcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination therapy.

IntroductionIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) or granulomatous lobular mastitis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast in women (1). This disease commonly occurs shortly after a women’s last pregnancy with a history of childbirth and breastfeeding that increases, especially in developing countries (2, 3). Despite the reports of this disease, which show an increase in its prevalence in recent years, the cause of its etiopathogenesis remains little known and diversified (3). An autoimmune or hypersensitivity reaction is the most common hypothesis regarding the etiology of the disease. However, trauma to the epithelium of the mammary ducts and extravasation of milk or duct secretions to the connective tissue, hyperprolactinemia, oral contraceptives, or bacterial origin have been considered (3, 4).IGM usually presents with a unilateral or bilateral progressive painful breast lump. Patients with chronic IGM can develop fistulae, sterile abscesses, and nipple inversion (5). Bilateral IGMs have a higher relapse rate and more excellent resistance to medical therapies than unilateral IGMs (6). Histological evaluation applies to definite diagnosis while imaging methods differential diagnosis for breast cancer (3) because abscesses can lead to being mistaken for breast cancer (7). Therefore, after causes must be considered, including breast cancer, autoimmune breast disease, and infection, the final diagnosis of IGM is often made (4, 7).Although the most appropriate treatment protocol has not yet been identified, some studies recommend surgical removal, while others suggest medical treatment such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs (3). The results of our literature review about information and case report IGM are summarized and exhibited in Table 1.This study describes a patient who presented with a breast lesion diagnosed as IGM, and two months after treatment with prednisolone, she was infected by Brucella.

Subcapsular renal transplant hematoma mimicking acute tubular necrosis

Left segmental hypoplasia of liver with concomitant gallbladder agenesis

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A document by Katie Lovell. Click on the document to view its contents.

IntroductionDegenerative aneurysms of deep femoral arteries are extremely rare, accounting for 1-2.6% of all femoral artery aneurysms(1). They are difficult to diagnose in the early stage and found in large size at presentation because they are located deeply and covered by several muscles(2). Deep femoral artery aneurysm (DFAA) can cause complicated conditions such as rapid expansion, rupture, and acute lower limb ischemia due to distal embolism of thrombus. Repair is always recommended for DFAA because of the possibility of those complications(3). We herein report either surgical or endovascular treatment of three cases of DFAA.

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A document by I VERN LIM. Click on the document to view its contents.