The world’s limited natural resources are under extreme stress due to the planet’s rising population and changing climate. This review article highlights some significant issues about land degradation, its effects, and current trends in solving these issues in Ghana. The foundational natural resources for the agricultural production system are soil and water. The leading causes of the degradation of these natural resources are anthropogenic and unfavorable biological activity. Soil erosion is one of the significant dangers to the depletion of soil and water resources among the different degradation processes. 35% of Ghana’s land is threatened by desertification and overgrazing. Grasslands, woodlands, and forests are disappearing due to land degradation, and natural water bodies are also drying up due to protracted droughts and sedimentation of river channels. According to most farmers in these two regions in Ghana (Eastern and Northern Region), over-cultivation, deforestation, and extreme rainfall are the main contributors to severe erosion. Farmers in the Eastern and Northern Regions of the country think soil erosion severity has worsened during the previous ten years by 58.6% and 75.0%, respectively. Protecting soil and water against deterioration calls for developing and deploying new technologies, prudent use of natural resources, and efficient management techniques. For long-term agricultural sustainability and soil health, the state needs to emphasize the state of natural resource degradation, erosion processes, and soil and water conservation techniques.