To unravel the factor to dominantly impact the emission energy of
crystal diphenyldibenzofulvene derivatives
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been regarded as
one of the significant prospects for organic light-emitting diodes,
sensors, biological therapies, etc. owing to their intense emission in
aggregated states. The expanded π-conjugated molecule conformations
supposedly acquire the emission with a lower energy, however the optical
performance of AIEgens in aggregated states defies this empirical
assumption. The unexpected photophysical characteristics of AIEgens make
it more challenging to design molecular conformations. Herein, to unveil
the crucial factors dominating the optical performance of AIEgens, a
series of diphenyldibenzofulvene (DPDBF) derivatives in crystals are
utilized. We revealed that the emission energy of DPDBF derivatives in
crystals is attributed to the tight connection with the conformation of
the planar π-conjugated segment, but not the conformation torsion of
phenyl blades or the intermolecular coupling, after systematically
analyzing the impact factors, including molecular conformation
parameters and intermolecular coupling, and further proved with the
calculation results. Although the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO
is somewhat reduced by the expanded π-conjugated molecular conformation
of the aforementioned DPDBF derivatives, the Stokes shift effect, which
is primarily influenced by the conformation of the planar π-conjugated
moiety, can realize to adjust the emission energy in a much more
effective manner.