Genomic Epidemiology Analysis of Circulating Virus Of Nepal.
Abstract
Introduction Influenza viruses, due to rapid evolution, lead to great
variability. There are 18 highly variable hemagglutinins (H1 to H18) and
11 distinct NAs (N1 to N11) for type A.Influenza type B has no subtypes
due to fixed on small antigenic variabilities.Due to rapid evolution and
diversification, it is essential to understand genomic epidemiology to
detect emerging strains and track their transmission. Methods Samples of
the strain were cultivated in the MDCK cell lines for the preparation of
neat virus. viral genome after extraction from the neat virus was sent
to the National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan for whole genome
sequencing in 2016. The sequences were submitted to GISAID. The H1N1
virus genomes(n=18), from this study, were investigated against the
reference genome A/California/07/2009 (GenBank: CY121680). Similarly,
the Influenza type B virus genomes(n=27) were investigated against
reference genome B/Brisbane/60/2008 (GenBank: KX058884) and
B/Wisconsin/01/2010 (GenBank: JN993010). The mutational analyses were
performed using Nextclade. The mutations present in the sequences
were,subsequently, investigated. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis was
done using the Nextclade and CLUSTAL Omega. Out of the 18 HA genome
segments, of H1N1, all (n=12) except 6 isolates were of clade 6B, while
the rest were of clade 6B.1.For Influenza Type B, out of the 27 HA
genome segments, all of the genomes were of clade V1A when compared to
B/Brisbane/60/2008. Similarly, when compared to reference genome
B/Wisconsin/01/2010 (GenBank: JN993010), all (n=22) except 5 isolates
were of clade Y3, while the rest were of clade Y2