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Failure Analysis of Lead-acid Batteries at Extreme Operating Temperatures
  • +2
  • Umesh Prasad,
  • Jyoti Prakash,
  • Venkat Kamavaram,
  • Ganesh Arumugam,
  • Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan
Umesh Prasad
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Jyoti Prakash
Arizona State University - Polytechnic Campus
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Venkat Kamavaram
Oceanit Laboratories Inc
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Ganesh Arumugam
Oceanit Laboratories Inc
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Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan
Arizona State University - Polytechnic Campus

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Lead-acid battery system is designed to perform optimally at ambient temperature (25 °C) in terms of capacity and cyclability. However, varying climate zones enforce harsher conditions on the automotive lead acid batteries. Hence, they age faster and exhibit low performance when operated at either extremity of the optimum ambient conditions. In this work, a systematic study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying temperatures (-10, 0, 25 and 40 °C) on the sealed lead acid. Enersys® Cyclon (2V, 5Ah) cells were cycled at C/10 rate using battery testing system. The environmental aging results in shorter cycle life due to the degradation of electrode, and grid materials at higher temperature (25 and 40 °C), while at lower temperature (-10 and 0 °C) negligible degradation was observed due to slower kinetics and reduced available capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the degradation mechanism, chemical and morphological changes.
13 Feb 2023Submitted to Battery Energy
14 Feb 2023Submission Checks Completed
14 Feb 2023Assigned to Editor
14 Feb 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
24 Feb 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
06 Mar 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Major
27 Apr 20231st Revision Received
02 May 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
02 May 2023Submission Checks Completed
02 May 2023Assigned to Editor
02 May 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
15 May 2023Editorial Decision: Accept