Recent Advances in Microbial Production of Vitamin B12: Review of
Optimization Strategies and High-Yielding Strains
Abstract
VitaminB12 is a water soluble vitamin and plays a significant role
during metabolism. It also acts as the cofactor of many enzymes during
DNA synthesis. Moreover Vitamin B12 is involved in red blood cells
production, healthy nerve tissues and brain functions. Certain archaeon
and bacteria has the ability to synthesize the vitamin B12 and it is not
been synthesized in plants. The synthesized vitamin B12 in microbes has
the ability to be transferred and can be present in many of the plants,
mushrooms by microbial interaction also in Animal tissues so ruminant’s
meat and milk can act as source of vitamin B12. By increasing demand of
vitamin B12 Scientists have used microbes for its production at
industrial scale by giving them optimized culture conditions including
Sinorhizobium meliloti, Propionibacterium shermanii, or Pseudomonas
denitrificans. The different substrates especially agro-industrial waste
because of their low price and high content of carbon can be used for
microbial growth. Both modes of fermentation (solid and submerged
fermentation) are used for Vitamin B12 production from microbes.
Different strains grow at different culture conditions. This review is
based upon the short introduction of vitamin B12, its different sources,
different substrates for production; optimized culture conditions its
purification and extraction.