Yinggema lignite (YL) was extracted with isometric acetone/carbon disulfide mixed solvent at room temperature under ultrasonication to remove the soluble organic matter and obtain the extract residue (RYL), and then RYL was separated by density difference with carbon tetrachloride under ultrasonication to obtain the light residue (LRYL). Composition and structure characteristics and pyrolysis products distribution of YL and LRYL were analyzed by Thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-Gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (TG-FTIR-GC/MS).