Psychiatric disorders especially depression and anxiety are exponentially increasing in post-industrial society. Antibiotic exposure may partly attributable to the development of such psychiatric disorders reported in some animal studies. However, human epidemiological studies are rare. This review study aimed to summarize and explore the associations between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorders in human, scrutinize the research gaps, and draw the contemplate of future research. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and Google scholar search engine were searched for relevant articles using the exposure keywords “antibiotic exposure” and outcome keywords “psychiatric disorder” and associated medical subheading terms (MeSH). Human epidemiological studies were retrieved irrespective of age, race, country and publications year up to April, 2022. Finally, a total of 15 articles that fulfill our inclusion criteria were selected and summarized in the present review. This review summarized all types of associations between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorders along with effects of potent confounders. Most of the study found positive association between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorder especially with depression and anxiety even after adjustment with major lifestyle and demographic factors. The associations might be depended on gender, age, antibiotic types and type of bacterial infections. The magnitude of these associations was higher for higher doses, more frequent uses and recent uses of antibiotics. Our summarized evidences indicate that antibiotic exposure might be associated with depression and anxiety in human. However, nation-wide prospective cohort using human biomonitoring of antibiotics is warranted to explore the overall scenario in future.