Construction and Validation of a Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Model
for Lung Adenocarcinoma and The Correlation with Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract
Background: Adenocarcinomas of the lung (LUAD) constitute the most
common type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is experiencing
the fastest rate of growth. Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis is a new type
of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in cancer biology.
In this study, a necroptosis-related prognostic model was examined in
relation to LUAD prognosis. Method: We downloaded lung adenocarcinoma
samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus
(GEO). Necroptosis-related genes were compiled from Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Differentially expressed
necroptosis-related genes and the prognostic value of
necroptosis-related genes were identified using the “Limma” package in
R and univariable Cox regression analysis. the least absolute shrinkage
and selection operator (LASSO) COX were performed to screen the the
necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and establish the prognostic prediction
model. To explore potential functions and pathways, functional
enrichment, ESTIMATE algorithm, and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment
Analysis (ssGSEA) were applied. We also explored the relation between
risk score and immune checkpoint. The data downloaded from Gene
Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Human Protein Atlas and Timer database
were used for external validation. Result: Based on 8 genes related to
necroptosis, we constructed a prognostic model. The data from The Cancer
Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was divided into
high-risk group and low-risk group, respectively. The high-risk group
had a significantly worse prognosis than the low-risk group. An
independent factor influencing OS was the risk score. Nomograms were
constructed by risk score and clinical data. These NRGs were mainly
related to adaptive immune response regulation, according to the result
of functional analysis. Conclusion: In conclusion, the eight-gene
prognostic model could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with
lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We also explored the relationship between
this model and tumor microenvironment.