C 4 Grasses Employ Various Strategies to Acclimate Rubisco Activase to
Heat Stress.
Abstract
C 4 crops such as Zea mays (maize) and
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) are important in both food and
bioenergy systems. In these crops, carbon assimilation is limited at
high heat by the thermolabile protein rubisco activase (RCA). We present
a comparative study of assimilation and RCA function in the C
4 grasses maize, sorghum, and the C 4
model grass Setaria viridis (setaria) during a 48 hour heat
stress acclimation. Western blots and biochemical assays show that each
species uses a different strategy to acclimate to heat. All grasses
shift the predominant ꞵ proteoform of RCA from a 41kD to a 43kD form. In
addition, sorghum expresses the ⍺ isoform, while all three grasses
transiently increase expression of the ꞵ isoform. The response of RCA to
magnesium ions and to ADP is also altered. After heat treatment, maize
RCA is more sensitive to inhibition by magnesium but loses sensitivity
to ADP. Different cultivars of maize show differences in assimilation
and protein expression. Because each grass expressed and regulated RCA
differently, we recommend that future study of RCA should examine each
grass individually rather than relying on a model organism.