In biomedical, industrial, and marine fields, interactions between bacteria and material interfaces are of great importance in biofilm formation, biofouling, the development of antimicrobial surface technologies, and the changing patterns of bacterial adhesion behavior on non-biological surfaces become a focus of research by researchers. Bacteria move from planktonic to adhesive behavior through near-interfacial sociological behavior, specificity (specific bacterial appendages such as hairs, flagella, curls, etc. that can bind to some chemicals on certain surfaces), non-specific interactions (van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions or acid-base interactions) and surface mechanical induction, a process that the bacteria themselves can influence, the nature of the interfacial material and the environment. A variety of methods have been developed to measure cell adhesion. The continued development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques provides a more advanced means of exploring bacterial-surface interactions and the various physicochemical properties of bacterial cells. Based on a large amount of literature research and tracking of related technological research developments, this paper mainly introduces the domestic and international research progress on the adhesion behavior between bacteria and material interfaces in detail from the aspects of adhesion mechanism, influencing factors, and testing methods, to provide a solid theoretical basis for further advancing the study of bacterial-interface adhesion and to get more scholars’ attention.