Abstract
Plants respond to cold temperatures through a divergent Ca-signaling
network that includes the proteins CBL and CIPK. The Amur grape
( Vitis amurensis) is a cold-tolerant wild grape
species native to China. Putative CBL and CIPK genes
(designated as VaCBLs and VaCIPKs) were surveyed in
V. amurensis. The transcripts of 8 VaCBLs and 19
VaCIPKs encoded in this genome were confirmed. The VaCBLs showed
preferential interaction with distinct VaCIPKs in yeast, among which
VaCIPK18 physically interacted with all 8 VaCBLs in yeast and in
planta, indicating that VaCIPK18 could function as a node
regulator. These multiple interactions of VaCIPK18 were dependent on the
C-terminal regulatory domain (NAF). VaCIPK18 was ubiquitously
expressed in various tissues and was highly induced by cold, drought,
salt, and ABA. Transient expression of a VaCIPK18‐GFP fusion protein in
Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts indicated its localization in
the nucleus and plasma membrane. The NAF domain of VaCIPK18 was required
for functional homodimerization in yeast as well as in planta.
Over-expression of VaCIPK18 in an Arabidopsis
cipk3 mutant rescued the cold sensitivity, but enhanced cold
tolerance in wild-type Arabidopsis. Thus, our study demonstrates
that VaCIPK18 positively regulates cold signaling at least partly
through the direct transcriptional control of cold-regulated
CBFs and modulation of ROS homeostasis. Moreover, VaCIPK18 was
found to interact with VaMYB4a in vivo and in vitro. Our
findings provide evidence that VaCIPK18 functions as a key node
in the CBL-CIPK network and could interact with VaMYB4a to
participate in cold response in grape plants.