Objective This study aimed to analyse the efficacy of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk neuroblastoma in China. Methods The data of 90 high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with the CCCG-NB 2015 regimen at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were reviewed. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of were analysed and compared. In addition, the prognoses of tandem autologous stem cell transplantation and single autologous stem cell transplantation groups were compared. Results The results of survival analysis showed that autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation based on this pretreatment regimen significantly improved the prognosis of children in the high-risk group. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for the transplantation group and the nontransplantation group were 65.5% vs. 41.3% (P=0.023) and 77.1% vs. 57.9% (P=0.03), respectively. There was no difference in the distribution of baseline clinical case characteristics between the single transplantation group and the tandem transplantation group (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in EFS and OS between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on this pretreatment programme, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is safe and tolerable and significantly improves the prognosis of children in the high-risk group. The value of tandem autologous stem cell transplantation is worthy of further discussion, which should consider various aspects such as the transplantation plan and the patient’s state.